Existence of infinitely many distinct solutions to the quasirelativistic Hartree-Fock equations
Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Relations of PDEs with special manifold structures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.) (58J60) Continuum models (systems of particles, etc.) arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B21)
Summary: We establish existence of infinitely many distinct solutions to the semilinear elliptic Hartree-Fock equations for \(N\)-electron Coulomb systems with quasirelativistic kinetic energy \(\sqrt{-\alpha^{-2}\Delta _{x_{n}}+\alpha ^{ - 4} - \alpha^{ - 2}}\) for the \(N\)th electron. Moreover, we prove existence of a ground state. The results are valid under the hypotheses that the total charge \(Z_{\text{tot}}\) of \(K\) nuclei is greater than \(N - 1\) and that \(Z_{\text{tot}}\) is smaller than a critical charge \(Z_{c}\). The proofs are based on a new application of the Fang-Ghoussoub critical point approach to multiple solutions on a noncompact Riemannian manifold, in combination with density operator techniques.
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