Almost subidempotent radicals and a generalization of a theorem of Jacobson

almost subidempotent radical Baer radical Jacobson radical lower radical maximal radical radical class transfinitely nilpotent ring upper radical weakly regular rings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

von Neumann regular rings and generalizations (associative algebraic aspects) (16E50) Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings (16N40) Radicals and radical properties of associative rings (16Nxx) Conditions on elements (16U99)

Review text

A (not necessarily hereditary) radical class N consisting of idempotent rings is called almost subidempotent. For an ordinal number r let us define \(R_ r=\cap_{n}R^ n_{r-1}\) if r-1 exists and \(R_ r=\cap_{c<r}R_ c\) otherwise. Let T(N) denote the class of all radicals Y with \(Y\geq N\) and \(Y(R)_{\pi}=N(R)\) for some \(\pi\), and let \(T_ N\) denote the unique maximal radical in T(N), if it exists, and \(E=\{A/T_ N(A)|\) \(A^ 2=A\), A is N-semisimple\(\}\). If \(T_ N\) exists, then \(T_ N\) coincides with the upper radical UE where \(\tilde E=EU\{R|\) \(R\in UE\) and \(N(R)\subseteq R_{\pi}\) \(\forall \pi \}\). Also a lower radical representation of \(T_ N\) is given. Then these results are applied and discussed, particularly with respect to the existence of \(T_ N\) in the special cases \(N=0\), \(N\leq W\) (weakly regular rings and \(N\cap B\neq 0\) (B the Baer radical). By using the almost subidempotent radical \(I_ J\) of all idempotent Jacobson radical rings, the author gives a new proof for Jacobson's theorem stating that the Jacobson radical of a Noetherian ring is transfinitely nilpotent.

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