Convergence in length and area of the Bernstein and Kantorovitch polynomials
This article is a survey of the Ph.D. Thesis of John Joseph Loughlin written under the guidance of the author at Purdue University in 1971. Convergence of \(B^ f_ k(x)\) and \(P^ f_ k(x)\), the respective k-th degree Bernstein and Kantorovich polynomials, is discussed on the n-cube \(I^ n.\) For example, if f is continuous on \(I^ n\), \(f\in W^ 1_ p(I^ n)\) for \(p>n\) and the \(W^ 1_ p\) norm of f is \(\| f\|\), then f satisfies the Hölder condition \[ | f(x)-f(y)| \leq C(p,n)\| f\| | x-y|^{1-(n/p)},x,y\in I^ n, \] when \(x=y\). It follows that \(\phi_ j(f)\leq C(p,n)\| f\|\), \(k=1,2,3,...,n\) where the variation \[ \phi_ j(f):=\int_{I^ n}(\partial f/\partial x_ j)dx,\quad j=1,2,3,...,n. \] A computation proves convergence in strong variation of \(B^ f_ k\) to f. Consequently, \(B^ f_ k\to f\) in variation and area. A delicate counter-example is constructed for \(f\to W^ 1_ n\) to identify \(u\in W^ 1_ n(I^ n)\) for which \(\phi (B^ f_ k)\) is an unbounded sequence. Indeed, u is not the limit of \(B^ f_ k\) in variation. The Kantorovich polynomials have much nicer behavior. For every n, \(f\in L_ 1(I^ n)\) implies that \(\phi_ j(P^ f_ k)\leq \phi_ j(f)\), \(k=1,2,3,...,n\). And, if \(f\to g\)-absolute continuity in the sense on Tonelli on \(I^ n\) (ACT), then \(P^ f_ k(f)\to f\) strongly in variation and hence in variation and area. A related fact is that \(P^ f_ k\to f\) in the \(W^ 1_ 1(I^ n)\) for \(f\in gACT=W^ 1_ 1\).
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