Thermodynamics, real and complex periods of the Volterra model
analytic continuationcanonical partition functionconvexityconvolution integralglobal inequalitiesinverse Laplace transformsinverse temperatureLotka-Volterra equations
Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A34) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Dynamical aspects of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J99) Laplace transform (44A10) Hamilton's equations (70H05) Thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A99) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)
The paper analyzes the period T of the solutions of the Lotka-Volterra equations \(\dot u=\lambda u(1-v)\), \(\dot v=-\mu_ v(1-u)\). These equations may be written in Hamiltonian form by defining \(u=\exp p\), \(v=\exp q\). Their solutions correspond to \[ H(p,q)=\mu (\exp (p)-p- 1)+\lambda (\exp (q)-q-1)=E. \] Here, the temporal structure in the orbit is studied in detail, by subdividing T(E,\(\lambda\),\(\mu)\) into four parts \(T_{++},T_{+-},T_{-+},T_{--}\), corresponding to the four quadrants in the p-q plane. The method used is a thermodynamic one. It is shown that the canonical partition function Z(\(\beta\),\(\lambda\),\(\mu)\), with \(\beta\) an inverse temperature, is the Laplace transform of T(E,\(\lambda\),\(\mu)\). This allows to obtain expansions of T(E,\(\lambda\),\(\mu)\) and of \(T_{++--}\), for small and large energy E by inverse Laplace transforms. In difference to \textit{S. B. Hsu} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 95, 428-436 (1983; Zbl 0515.92020)] it is obtained, for instance, that \(T_{++}(E)\to 0\) for \(E\to \infty\). The expression of T(E,\(\lambda\),\(\mu)\) as a convolution integral allows one to derive global inequalities, e.g. the convexity of the function (log(E/\(\mu)\), log(E/\(\lambda)\))\(\to \log (ET)(E,\lambda,\mu)\), and (E/T)(\(\partial T/\partial E)\in (0,1).\) Finally, the analytic continuation of \(T=T(E,\lambda,\mu)\) to the left(right) halfplane Re E\(<0\) \((>0) can\) also be expressed by Laplace transforms.
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