Galois objects with normal bases for free Hopf algebras of prime degree

Galois theory and commutative ring extensions (13B05) (Co)homology of rings and associative algebras (e.g., Hochschild, cyclic, dihedral, etc.) (16E40) Automorphisms and endomorphisms (16W20)

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Let p be a positive prime integer, let R be a commutative ring, let H be a free Hopf algebra over R of rank p, and let \(H^*\) denote the dual Hopf algebra. If R is an algebra over a certain subring of the p-adic integers; then \(H\cong R[x]/(x^ p-ax)\) and \(H^*\cong R[y]/(y^ p- by)\) as algebras for \(a,b\in R\), and H is characterized by b (or a). The author uses the characterization of H to describe the structure of an H- Galois algebra S over R. Assume that R contains a (p-1)st root \(\tilde b\) of b. It is shown that S has a normal basis if and only if there exists a unit z of S such that \(z\equiv 1 (mod \tilde b)\) and z is mapped to \(\tilde bz\) by the coset of y under the action of \(H^*\) on S. By assigning \(z^ p\) to S, the author obtains an isomorphism of the group of isomorphism classes of H-Galois algebras possessing normal bases (the second Harrison cohomology group of \(H^*)\) onto a subquotient \(G_ 1/G_ 2\) of the multiplicative group of units of R, where \(G_ 1\) consists of units which are congruent to 1 modulo \(\tilde b^ p=b\cdot \tilde b\) and \(G_ 2\) consists of p-th powers of units which are congruent to 1 modulo \(\tilde b.\) The exposition is very computational and sometimes minor misprints must be corrected to obtain valid equations. But the paper employs only the theory of Hopf-Galois objects except for reference to \textit{J. Tate} and \textit{F. Oort} [Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Supér., IV. Sér. 3, 1-21 (1970; Zbl 0195.508)] for the structure of H.

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