A stochastic differential equation approach to soil moisture
The dynamics of water within the unsaturated root zone of the soil are represented by a pair of stochastic differential quations (SDE's), one representing the so-called ``surplus state of the moisture and the other the ``deficit condition. The inputs to the model are the climatically controlled random infiltration events and evapotranspiration which are modeled as a compound Poisson process and a Wiener (Brownian motion) process, respectively. The solutions to these SDE's are not in ``closed-form but sample functions are obtained by numerical integration. The moment properties of the soil moisture evolution process have also been derived analytically including the mean, variance, covariance and autocorrelation functions. To illustrate the model, climatic parameters representing the ``surplus and ``deficit cases and properties of clay loam soil have been used to numericaly derive the corresponding sample functions. With proper selection of all the parameters, physically realistic sample trajectories can be obtained for the model.
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