The axiom of choice and almost continuity
absolute quasi retractsabsolute retractalmost continuityaxiom of choiceblocking setdispersion pointfixed-point propertynoncontinuous retractionsquasi retraction
Weak and generalized continuity (54C08) Retraction (54C15) Absolute neighborhood extensor, absolute extensor, absolute neighborhood retract (ANR), absolute retract spaces (general properties) (54C55) Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects) (54D05) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25)
Using transfinite induction, \textit{F. B. Jones} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 48, 115-120 (1942)] constructed a (discontinuous) function f:\({\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{R}}\) whose graph \(\Gamma\) (f) is dense in the plane \({\mathbb{R}}^ 2\) (and which, in addition, satisfies the functional equation \(f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y))\). Three decades later, \textit{K. R. Kellum} [Colloq. Math. 31, 125-128 (1974; Zbl 0292.26004)] showed how to modify Jones' construction to make f almost continuous, in the sense of \textit{J. Stallings} [Fundam. Math. 47, 249-263 (1959; Zbl 0114.391)] (i.e. each open neighbourhood \(U\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ 2\) of \(\Gamma\) (f) contains a graph \(\Gamma\) (g) of some continuous function g: \({\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{R}})\). The author uses Jones' function to construct a new example of a connected space X with a dispersion point p (i.e. X-\(\{\) \(p\}\) is totally disconnected). (Other examples were constructed earlier by K. Kuratowski, J. Martin, and E. Vought.) Next, Jones' construction is used in a study of noncontinuous retractions which preserve the fixed-point property. In particular, a characterization of absolute quasi retracts (i.e. compacta, homeomorphic to quasi retracts of the Hilbert cube) is obtained.
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