Stability of Gröbner bases

Software, source code, etc. for problems pertaining to commutative algebra (13-04) Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-valued polynomials (13F20)

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Let K be a field and let M denote the set of monomials in the polynomial ring \(K[X_ 1,...,X_ n]=K[X]\). A total order \(\alpha\) on the semigroup M for which 1 is the smallest element is called an admissible order on M. In this paper the dependence of a Gröbner basis on the particular admissible order is investigated. The set X(M) of admissible orders inherits a topology from the Harrison topology on the field \({\mathbb{Q}}(X)\), where \({\mathbb{Q}}\) is the set of rational numbers, and X(M) is compact in this topology. Let \(h_ J\) denote the Hilbert function of the homogeneous ideal J of K[X], \(h_ J(n)=length_ K(K[X]_ n/J_ n)\). If \(I_{\alpha}\) denotes the ideal of K[X] generated by the highest terms with respect to \(\alpha\) of the elements of the homogeneous ideal I of K[X], then it follows that I and \(I_{\alpha}\) have the same Hilbert functions. It is shown that if G is a Gröbner basis of I with respect to the admissible order \(\alpha\) then the set \(U_{I,G}=\{\beta \in X(M)|\) G is a \(\beta\)-Gröbner basis of \(I\}\) is an open and closed subset in X(M). It follows from this and the compactness of X(M) that each homogeneous ideal I has a universal Gröbner basis, that is a subset G which is an \(\alpha\)-Gröbner basis for every admissible order \(\alpha\) on X(M). It also follows that if J is a monomial ideal with \(h_ I=h_ J\) then \(U_{I,J}=\{\beta \in X(M)| I_{\beta}=J\}\) is open and closed in X(M). Although there are no inclusion relations in general between the sets \(U_{I,G}\) and \(U_{I,J}\), where \(J=I_{\alpha}\), it is shown that if G is a reduced \(\alpha\)-Gröbner basis then \(U_{I,J}\subseteq U_{I,G}\), and G is a reduced \(\beta\)-Gröbner basis for all \(\beta \in U_{I,J}\). The paper also considers the relationship between Gröbner bases and Newton diagrams. In the last section most of the above results are extended to nonhomogeneous ideals.

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