Analysis of metabolic systems with complex slow and fast dynamics

Averaging method for ordinary differential equations (34C29) Singular perturbations of ordinary differential equations (34D15) Chemical kinetics in thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A30) Biochemistry, molecular biology (92C40)

Review text

Tikhonov's theorem gives sufficient conditions to ensure that the solutions of the differential equation \[ \dot x=f\circ (x,y),\quad \epsilon \dot y=g\circ (x,y)\quad (\epsilon \ll 1) \] be approximated with the solutions of the system \[ \dot x=f\circ (x,y),\quad 0=g\circ (x,y). \] Here the system may verbally be depicted as having two time scales and the fast variable x is governed by a one-point attractor. A theorem recently proved by the authors extends the above theorem for the case when the slow variable tends to a more complicated attractor, e.g. to a limit cycle. Applying this theorem, an example of a simple enzymatic reaction with product activation and slow (genetically driven) enzyme turnover is rigorously studied. The dimensionless equations of this model are: \[ \dot e=1-e(1-p^ 2/(p^ 2+1)), \] \[ \epsilon \dot s=v_ s-e s p^ 2/(p^ 2+1),\quad \epsilon \dot p=e s p^ 2/(p^ 2+1)-p+p_ 0. \] It is shown that even in such a simple model there exist certain regions of the parameter space for which the fast variables oscillate. The model is also investigated numerically and the two approaches are compared.

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