Decomposition of the vertex group of 3-manifolds

DOI10.1016/0012-365X(92)90038-HMaRDI QIDQ1196748zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Sóstenes Lins, Louis Kauffman

Publication date 16 January 1993

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(92)90038-H

zbMATH Keywords

3-crystallization3-dimensional graph encoded manifold4-edge-coloration4-regular graph\(k\)-residuefundamental grouptopologically invariant automorphismsvertex group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Fundamental groups and their automorphisms (group-theoretic aspects) (20F34) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

Review text

A 4-graph \(G\) is a finite 4-regular graph with a proper 4-edge- coloration. For \(k\in\{0,1,2,3\}\) a \(k\)-residue in \(G\) is a connected component of a subgraph induced by all the edges of \(k\) pre-selected colors. A 3-gem (3-dimensional graph encoded manifold) is a 4-graph where the number of 0-residues (the vertices) plus the number of 3-residues equals the number of 2-residues. A 3-crystallization is a 3-gem \(G\) in which there are exactly 4 3-residues. Every closed 3-manifold can be represented by a crystallization [see \textit{M. Pezzana}, Atti Sem. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena 23 (1974), 269-277 (1975; Zbl 0314.57005)]. Let \(G\) be a bipartite crystallization, thus representing a closed orientable 3- manifold \(M\). The colors of the edges are labelled by the numbers 0,1,2,3. The generators of the vertex group \(\xi(G)\) of \(G\) are a set of symbols in 1-1 correspondence with the vertex set of \(G\). Its relators are in 1-1 correspondence with the bicolored cycles of \(G\) (for details see the paper). The authors prove that the group \(\xi(M)\) (indeed \(\xi(G)\) is an invariant of \(M\)) is isomorphic to the free product of three copies of the fundamental group of \(M\) with \(\mathbb{Z}\). This result opens the possibility of searching for topologically invariant automorphisms of \(\xi\).

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Cites work

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Cited in

(5)

• On the fundamental group of 3-gems and a `planar' class of 3-manifolds
• A new decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds
• On the vertex group of \(n\)-manifolds
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3964990 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 32275 (Why is no real title available?)

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