Nil radicals in nil semisimple weaker _N-rings

\(F\)-nil radicals nil radicals prime ideals quasi-\(P\)-rings quasi-strong nil radicals strong nilpotence strongly nil radicals weaker \(\Gamma_N\)-rings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings (16N40) Generalizations (16Y99)

Review text

The authors consider nil radicals in ``weaker \(\Gamma_N\)-rings. If \(\Gamma\) is an additive abelian group, a weaker \(\Gamma_N\)-ring is an additive abelian group \(M\), such that mappings \(M\times\Gamma\times M\to M\) and \(\Gamma\times M\times\Gamma\to\Gamma\) are defined, satisfying (1) \((a+b)\alpha c=a\alpha c+b\alpha c\) and (2) \((a\alpha b)\beta c=a(\alpha b\beta)c=a\alpha(b\beta c)\) \(\forall a,b,c\in M\), \(\alpha,\beta\in\Gamma\). Two kinds of nilpotence for elements of \(M\) are possible. \(x\in M\) is nilpotent if \(\forall\gamma\in\Gamma\) there exists \(n=n(\gamma)\) such that \((x\gamma)^nx=0\). \(x\) is called strongly nilpotent if there exists a positive integer \(n\) such that \((x\Gamma)^nx=0\). These two types of nilpotence lead to a nil radical, and a strongly nil radical of \(M\), respectively. Let \(P\) be any property which a weaker \(\Gamma_N\)-ring may have. A sub-\(\Gamma\)-ring \(I\) of \(M\) is called a quasi-\(P\)-ring if for every homomorphic image \(\overline M\) of \(M\), the image \(\overline I\) contains an ideal \(J\) of \(M\) which is a quasi-\(P\)-ring. Applying this concept to the properties nilpotence and strong nilpotence leads to the quasi-nil and quasi-strong nil radicals, \(N_Q\) and \(N_{QS}\), respectively. It is shown that \(M\) is quasi-nil semisimple if and only if \(M\) is nil semisimple. A fifth nil radical, the \(F\)-nil radical, \(N_f\) is defined, and it is shown that for a weaker \(\Gamma_N\)-ring \(M\) the quasi-strong nil and \(F\)-nil radicals coincide. Moreover, its \(F\)-nil radical is the intersection of all prime ideals \(P_\alpha\) which contain the \(F\)-nil radical, and \(M/P_\alpha\) is strongly nil semisimple for each \(\alpha\).

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