On some non-Archimedian spaces of Alexandroff and Urysohn
History of mathematics in the 20th century (01A60) History of general topology (54-03) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35) Complete metric spaces (54E50) Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05) Topological characterizations of particular spaces (54F65) Special properties of topological spaces (54F99)
In [Math. Ann. 98, 89-106 (1927; JFM 53.0559.01)] Alexandroff and Urysohn provided characterizations of the spaces \({}^\omega\omega\) (the irrationals), its subspace \(\bigcup_{n\in\omega}^\omega n\) and the complement of a point in the Cantor set -- these characterizations were in the spirit of \textit{L. E. J. Brouwer}'s characterization of the Cantor set [On the structure of perfect sets of points, Proc. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 12, 785-794 (1910)]. The author surveys these results and shows how attempts to extend them (and their proofs) to products of the form~\({}^\lambda\kappa\) lead to `the topology of initial agreement' whose base is \(\{U(x,\alpha):x\in{}^\lambda\kappa,\alpha<\lambda\}\), where \(U(x,\alpha)=\{y\in{}^\lambda\kappa: y\upharpoonright\alpha=x\upharpoonright\alpha\}\). For weakly compact cardinals one obtains characterizations of the resulting spaces \({}^\kappa 2\) and \(\bigcup_{\lambda<\kappa} {}^\kappa\lambda\) that parallel those in the case~\(\kappa=\omega\).
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