The author studies a convolution inequality. Let \(\mu\) be a nonnegative finite measure on the \(\sigma\)-field of Borel (or Lebesgue measurable) subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\) (the set of reals). Let \(E\) be the closed subgroup of \(\mathbb{R}\) spanned by the support of \(\mu\). Let \(P_{\mu} \) denote the convolution operator \(P_{\mu} ( \varphi)(t) = \int_{E} \varphi ( t+s) d\mu (s) \) which is considered on the class of measurable functions \(\varphi : E \to \mathbb{R}\) such that the integral exists for all \(t \in E\). Let \(\Lambda\) be the set of real roots of the characteristic equation \(\int_{E} e^{\lambda s} d \mu (s) =1\). The author proves the following two results: Let \(\Lambda = \{ \lambda \}\) and suppose that the measurable function \(\varphi : E \to \mathbb{R}\) is locally bounded below and such that \[ \lim_{t \to +\infty} \inf \varphi (t) {{e^{-\lambda t}} \over {|t|}} \geq 0, \quad \lim_{t \to -\infty} \inf \varphi (t) {{e^{-\lambda t}} \over {|t|}} \geq 0 . \] If \(\varphi\) satisfies the convolution inequality \(\varphi (t) \geq P_{\mu} ( \varphi)(t)\) almost everywhere with respect to the Haar measure of \(E\), then \(\varphi (t) = \varphi (0) e^{\lambda t}\) for almost every \(t \in E\). Suppose that \(\Lambda = \emptyset\). If a measurable nonnegative \(\varphi : E \to \mathbb{R}\) satisfies \(\varphi (t) \geq P_{\mu} ( \varphi)(t)\) almost everywhere with respect to the Haar measure of \(E\), then it is equal to \(0\) almost everywhere.
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