Maximality of the microstates free entropy for R-diagonal elements
Maximality of the microstates free entropy for \(R\)-diagonal elements
The main theorem is the following. Let \((M,\tau)\) be a tracial noncommutative W\(^{\ast }\)-probability space. Let \(y = vb\) be a polar decomposition, \(u\) be unitary with \(\tau (u^{k}) = 0\) for all \(k \neq 0\) (called a Haar unitary), \( \ast \)-free from \(b\), and let \(\chi\), \(\chi ^{s a}\), \(\chi^{\omega }\), \(\chi ^{sa \omega }\), where \(\omega\) is an ultrafilter on \({\mathbb N}\), defined by no \(n \in {\mathbb N}\) (the complete definitions are given in the paper) be the free entropies. Then \[ \chi (y) \leq \chi (ub) = \chi ^{sa} (b ^{2 }/2)+(3/4)+(1/2)\log 2 \pi = 2 \chi ^{sa} (2^{-1/2} x) \] if \(\tau (x ^{2k+1}) = 0\), \(\tau (x ^{2k}) = \tau (b ^{2k})\) for all \(k \in {\mathbb Z}\). Also, if \(\chi (y) = \chi (ub)> -\infty\), then \(v\) is Haar unitary \( \ast \)-free from \(b\) (\(y\) is R-diagonal). Same result for \(\chi ^{\omega }\). The proof, taking into account the definitions, contains a good deal of calculations with measures on the corresponding matrix spaces. Let us also mention, for \(y _{i } = v _{i } b _{i}\), \(z _{i } = v_{i}(2f(b_{i} ^{2}/2))^{1 / 2}\) (polar decompositions), the lemma \[ \chi (z_{1},\dots,z _{n}) = \chi (y_{1 },\dots,y _{n})+\sum _{j} \iint \log (|f(s)-f(t)|/|t-s|) d \mu (s) d \mu (t), \] \(\mu\) being the distribution of \(b _{i} ^{2}/2\). Generalization of the theorem: Let \(Z = \sum _{i,j = 1} ^{d } X _{ij} \otimes e _{ij}\), \(e _{ij}\) being matrix units. Then: \[ \chi ^{d \omega }(\{ X _{ij}\}) \leq d ^{2} \chi ^{\omega } (Z)-d ^{2}\log d \leq 2d ^{2} \chi ^{sa} (2 ^{-1/2} X)-d ^{2}\log d, \tag{a} \] where \(\tau (X ^{2k+1})= 0\), \(\tau (X ^{2k}) = \tau ((Z ^{\ast }Z) ^{k})\), (b) if \(Z\) is R-diagonal and \( \ast \)-free from \( \{1 \otimes e _{ij}\); \(i,j = 1,\dots,d \} \), then we have equalities in (a), (c) if we have equalities in (a) and \(\chi ^{sa} (2 ^{-1/2}X) \neq - \infty\), then \(Z\) is as in (b).
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