Distribution of periodic points of polynomial diffeomorphisms of C^ 2

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Publication:1319219



Abstract: This paper deals with the dynamics of a simple family of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of C2: the polynomial automorphisms. This family of maps has been studied by a number of authors. We refer to [BLS] for a general introduction to this class of dynamical systems. An interesting object from the point of view of potential theory is the equilibrium measure mu of the set K of points with bounded orbits. In [BLS] mu is also characterized dynamically as the unique measure of maximal entropy. Thus mu is also an equilibrium measure from the point of view of the thermodynamical formalism. In the present paper we give another dynamical interpretation of mu as the limit distribution of the periodic points of f.


Let \(f\) be a polynomial diffeomorphism of \(\mathbb{C}^ 2\), \(\text{Per}_ n\) is the set of points of period \(n\), \(\text{SPer}_ n\) is the set of saddle points of \(\text{Per}_ n\), and \(\text{Fix}_ n\) is the set of fixed points of \(f^ n\). The map \(f\) has a dynamical degree \(d\) which is assumed larger than 1. Let \(\mu\) be the equilibrium measure of the set of points with bounded orbits; \(\mu\) is also characterized dynamically as the unique measure of maximal entropy. The following theorem gives another dynamical interpretation of \(\mu\). Theorem 1. If \(P_ n\) is one of the sets \(\text{SPer}_ n\), \(\text{Per}_ n\), \(\text{Fix}_ n\), then \[ \lim_{n\to \infty}{1\over d^ n} \sum_{a\in P_ n}\delta_ a = \mu. \] Corollary 1. Most periodic points are saddle points in the sense that \[ \lim_{n \to \infty} {1\over d^ n}\sharp \text{SPer}_ n = 1. \] Corollary 2. \(f\) has points of all but finitely many periods. Theorem 2. Let \(\Lambda\) be the Lyapunov exponent of \(f\) with respect to (ergodic) \(\mu\), \(\chi(x)\) -- the Lyapunov exponent at \(x\). Then \[ \Lambda = \lim_{n \to \infty}{1\over d^ n} \sum_{p \in \text{SPer}_ n}\chi(p). \] Theorem 3. Consider a family of \(f_ c\) depending holomorphically on a parameter \(c\) in the disk. Assume that \(c \to \Lambda(f_ c)\) is not harmonic at \(c = c_ 0\). If the maps \(f_ c\) are dissipative, then there is a sequence \(c_ i \to c_ 0\) defined for \(i \geq N\) so that \(f_{c_ i}\) has a sink of period \(i\). If the maps \(f_ c\) are volume preserving, then there is a sequence \(c_ i\) defined for \(i \geq N\) so that \(f_{c_ i}\) has a Sigel ball of period i. Theorem 4. If the maps \(f_ c\) are topologically conjugate to one another in a neighborhood of \(c = c_ 0\), then the function \(c \to \Lambda(f_ c)\) is harmonic at \(c_ 0\).




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