Multilinear operators: the natural extension of Hirota's bilinear formalism

DOI10.1016/0375-9601(94)90367-0zbMATH Open0910.58016arXivsolv-int/9404006OpenAlexW3105263763MaRDI QIDQ1336084FDOQ1336084

Authors: B. Grammaticos, A. Ramani, Jarmo Hietarinta 

Publication date: 14 October 1994

Published in: Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce multilinear operators, that generalize Hirota's bilinear $D$ operator, based on the principle of gauge invariance of the $au$ functions. We show that these operators can be constructed systematically using the bilinear $D$'s as building blocks. We concentrate in particular on the trilinear case and study the possible integrability of equations with one dependent variable. The 5th order equation of the Lax-hierarchy as well as Satsuma's lowest-order gauge invariant equation are shown to have simple trilinear expressions. The formalism can be extended to an arbitrary degree of multilinearity.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/solv-int/9404006

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zbMATH Keywords

gauge invarianceintegrabilitymultilinear operatorsLax hierarchyHirota's bilinear \(D\) operatorHirota's bilinear formalismSatsuma's lowest-order gauge invariant equationtrilinear case

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10)

Cites Work

• Exact Solution of the Korteweg—de Vries Equation for Multiple Collisions of Solitons
• A search for bilinear equations passing Hirota’s three-soliton condition. IV. Complex bilinear equations
• Modifying Lax equations and the second Hamiltonian structure
• A method for finding \(N\)-soliton solutions of the KdV equation and KdV-like equation.
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• A search for integrable bilinear equations: The Painlevé approach
• Soliton solutions and the higher order Korteweg–de Vries equations

Cited In (18)

• Gauge symmetry and the generalization of Hirota's bilinear method
• Complexity reduction for sign configurations through the KP II equation and its information-theoretic aspects
• Zeros and amoebas of partition functions
• Hirota’s Bilinear Method and Its Connection with Integrability
• Trilinear equations, Bell polynomials, and resonant solutions
• Integrable trilinear PDE's
• Transvectants, modular forms, and the Heisenberg algebra.
• A direct bilinear Bäcklund transformation of a \((2+1)\)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-like model
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• New type of multiple lump and rogue wave solutions of the \((2+1)\)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
• Soliton solutions of \(q\)-Toda lattice by Hirota direct method
• The Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff hierarchy and integrable equations in \((2+1)\) dimensions
• Non-auto Bäcklund transformation, nonlocal symmetry and CRE solvability for the Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
• Inelastic interaction solutions between multiple-lump molecule and kink solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation
• Multilinear operators: the natural extension of Hirota's bilinear formalism
• Lump and interaction dynamics of the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
• An extension of the Hirota bilinear difference equation
• Algebraic invariants and generalized Hirota derivatives.

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