Effects of periodic forcing on delayed bifurcations.

DOI10.1007/BF02219398MaRDI QIDQ1369730zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 20 October 1997

Published in Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02219398

Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15)

Review text

The paper focuses on the study of the influence of a periodic forcing on a syst4em exhibiting delayed Hopf bifurcation. It is assume that the two-dimensional system \[ {du\over dt}= f(u,I_0)\tag{\(*\)} \] shows the phenomenoin of delayed Hopf bifurcation when the scalar parameter \(I_0\) varies slowly in \(t\). \(f\) has analytic extension in both variables. To investigate the influence of a periodic forcing the author considers the initial value problems \[ \begin{gathered}{du\over dt}= f(u, I_0+\varepsilon t)+\varepsilon g(u, I_0+ \varepsilon t, \varepsilon, t),\\ u(0)= u_0(I_0)+ O(\varepsilon),\end{gathered}\tag{\(**\)} \] where \(u_0(I_0)\) is an equilibrium point of the unperturbed system \((*)\), \(\varepsilon\) is a small positive parameter, \(g\) is bounded and has the representation \[ g(u,I,\varepsilon, t)= \sum_{n\in Z}C_n(u,I,\varepsilon) e^{in\omega t}, \] where the coefficients \(C_n\) are analytic in all variables. The author represents the solution of \((**)\) as a Fourier series whose coefficients can be extended analytically and are uniformly bounded in \(\varepsilon\), but the series itself may be divergent in the complex plane. By this way he is able to prove that the phenomen of delayed Hopf bifurcation persists of the frequency \(\omega\) of \(g\) with respect to \(t\) is not a resonant frequency. He studies also the case when \(\omega\) is slowly varying in time \((\omega= \omega(I_0+\varepsilon t))\) and establishes the new result that the resonance frequencies at which the phenomenon of delayed Hopf bifurcation can be destructed are shifted downward or upward if \(\omega'(I_0)\) is positive or negative. Finally, the author considers the case when \((*)\) represents a scalar equation, where a real eigenvalue changes its sign for varying \(I_0\). He sketches the proof of a theorem which says that by adding a small but suitable periodic forcing a delayed bifurcation is created rather than destroyed.

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