Remarks on topological solitons

The paper puts forward a nonlinear Lorentz-invariant field theory model which is a generalization of the standard nonlinear Klein-Gordon model defined by its Lagrangian density in the three-dimensional space, \(L = \frac{1}{2}u_t^2-(\nabla u)^2 - V(u),\) where \(V(u)\) is a potential. The proposed generalization is a multicomponent model with a set of variables \(u^{(j)}\), \(j=1,\dots,N\), and the Lagrangian density that contains an additional term \[ \Delta L = \sum_{j=1}^{j=N}[\rho^{(j)} + \varepsilon (\rho^{(j)})^3], \] where \(\rho^{(j)}\equiv (u^{(j)}_t)^2 - (\nabla u^{(j)})^2\). For comparison, the usual Klein-Gordon model contains this term with \(\varepsilon =0\). The usual nonlinear models can give rise to a localized three-dimensional solution (soliton). However, the known Derrick theorem states that these solutions are always dynamically unstable, as they fail to realize a nontrivial minimum of the model's energy. The generalization proposed by the authors gives rise to more complicated nonlinear models, with a hope that they may support stable solitons. In the paper, a proof of existence of the corresponding time-independent solution to the new model is given.

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