Computation of local symmetries of second-order ordinary differential equations by the Cartan equivalence method
Analytical theory of ordinary differential equations: series, transformations, transforms, operational calculus, etc. (34A25) Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential equations (34C14) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Topological and differentiable equivalence, conjugacy, moduli, classification of dynamical systems (37C15)
Based on the Cartan equivalence method the author presents a new proof of Lie's theorem: The dimension of the point symmetry algebra of an equation \(y=F(x,y,y')\) either is equal to 8 or does not exceed 3. Then the author concentrates on equations where \(F\) is a cubic polynomial in \(y'\). Exploiting structure invariants which are revealed in the proof, equations having a three-dimensional algebra of point symmetries are characterized.
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