Coincidence of two linearly invariant families of functions

Special classes of univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (starlike, convex, bounded rotation, etc.) (30C45) General theory of univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (30C55)

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We say that \({\mathcal M}\) is a linear invariant family if are normalized \(f(z)= z+ a_2 z^2+\cdots\) and with every function \(f\) belonging to \({\mathcal M}\) also the functions \(g(z)= [f(\phi(z))- f(\phi(0))]/[f'(\phi(0))\cdot \phi'(0)]\) belong to \({\mathcal M}\) for any conformal automorphism \(\phi\) of the unit disc \(\Delta= \{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|< 1\}\). The order of \({\mathcal M}\) is defined as \[ \text{ord\;}{\mathcal M}= \sup_{f\in{\mathcal M},z\in\Delta} \Biggl|{1-|z|^2\over 2} {f(z)\over f'(z)}-\overline z\Biggr|. \] By \(U_\alpha(R)\), \(\alpha\geq 1\) we denote the closure in the topology of uniform convergence inside \(\Delta\) of the set of functions of the form \(f(z)= z+ a_2z^2+\cdots\) such that \[ f'(z)= \exp\Biggl\{-2 \int^{2\pi}_0\log(1- ze^{it}) d\gamma(t)\Biggr\}, \] where \(\gamma(t)\) is a real-valued function such that \(\int^{2\pi}_0 d\gamma(t)= 1\), \(\int^{2\pi}_0|d\gamma(t)|\leq\alpha\), \(\gamma(t+ 2\pi)= \gamma(t)+ \gamma(2\pi- 0)\), and for every \(a,b\in \mathbb{R}\), \(a< b< 2\pi+a\), \({1-\alpha\over 2}\leq\int^b_a d\gamma(t)\leq {1+\alpha\over 2}\). By \(V^*_{2\alpha}\), \(\alpha\geq 1\) we denote the class of functions \(f(z)= z+ a_2 z^2+\cdots\) such that \[ f'(z)= s'(z)\exp\Biggl\{-2 \int^{2\pi}_0 \log(1- \omega(z) e^{it}) d\mu(t)\Biggr\}, \] where \(s\) is a convex normalized function, \(\omega\) is a Schwarz function and \(\mu\) is a complex valued function of bounded variation such that \(\int^{2\pi}_0 d\mu(t)= 0\), \(\int^{2\pi}_0|d\mu(t)|= \alpha-1\). In this paper it is shown that \(U_\alpha(R)= V^*_{2\alpha}\) and that these classes form a linear invariant family of order \(\alpha\).

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