A new proof for some relations among axial distances and hook-lengths

The paper under review gives a new proof of several identities involving axial distances and products of hook-lengths. To state one of these identities, we first introduce some notations. For a Young diagram \(\lambda\), denote by \(h[\lambda]\) the \(q\)-integer defined by setting \[ h[\lambda]=\prod_{(i,j)\in \lambda}[h_{\lambda}(i,j)] \] where \(h_{\lambda}(i,j)\) is the hook length at \((i,j)\in \lambda\) and, for an integer \(i\), \([i]=\frac{q^i-q^{-i}}{q-q^{-1}}\) (and \([0]=0\)). For each \(x=(i,j)\in \lambda\), define the content \(c(x)\) of \(x\) by setting \(c(x)=j-i\). Denote by \(\{\lambda_{(r)}^+\}_{r=1,2,\dots,b(\lambda)}\) the set of all Young diagrams that may be obtained from \(\lambda\) by adding one box. Then the first identity in the paper is: \[ \sum_{r=1}^{b(\lambda)}\frac{h[\lambda]}{h[\lambda_{(r)}^+]}\cdot q^{\pm c(\lambda_{(r)}^+\setminus \lambda)}=1. \] Note that for \(q=1\) this reduces to the usual branching rule for the dimensions of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group. The paper gives other identities of the same type. All of them are proved using the following identity: \[ \sum_{x_r\in X}\frac{x_r^j}{\prod_{x_i\in X\setminus \{x_r\}}(x_r-x_i)}=s_{(j-n+1,0,\ldots,0)}(x_1,\ldots,x_n) \] \noindent where \(X=\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}\) is a set of \(n\) indeterminates and \(s_{\lambda}\) denotes the Schur function associated to \(\lambda\).

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