Ground state entropy of the Potts antiferromagnet on strips of the square lattice

Abstract: We present exact solutions for the zero-temperature partition function (chromatic polynomial

P

) and the ground state degeneracy per site

W

(= exponent of the ground-state entropy) for the

q

-state Potts antiferromagnet on strips of the square lattice of width

L_{y}

vertices and arbitrarily great length

L_{x}

vertices. The specific solutions are for (a)

L_{y} = 4

,

(F B C_{y}, P B C_{x})

(cyclic); (b)

L_{y} = 4

,

(F B C_{y}, T P B C_{x})

(M"obius); (c)

L_{y} = 5, 6

,

(P B C_{y}, F B C_{x})

(cylindrical); and (d)

L_{y} = 5

,

(F B C_{y}, F B C_{x})

(open), where

F B C

,

P B C

, and

T P B C

denote free, periodic, and twisted periodic boundary conditions, respectively. In the

L_{x} o i n f t y

limit of each strip we discuss the analytic structure of

W

in the complex

q

plane. The respective

W

functions are evaluated numerically for various values of

q

. Several inferences are presented for the chromatic polynomials and analytic structure of

W

for lattice strips with arbitrarily great

L_{y}

. The absence of a nonpathological

L_{x} o i n f t y

limit for real nonintegral

q

in the interval

0 < q < 3

(

0 < q < 4

) for strips of the square (triangular) lattice is discussed.

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