A proposal for the thermodynamics of certain open systems

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSA.2016.10.058zbMATH Open1400.82208arXiv1610.04245OpenAlexW2532360523MaRDI QIDQ1620344FDOQ1620344

Authors: Francesco Fidaleo, Stefano Viaggiu 

Publication date: 13 November 2018

Published in: Physica A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Motivated by the fact that the (inverse) temperature might be a function of the energy levels in the Planck distribution $$ for the occupation number $n_{e}psilon$ of the level $epsilon$, we show that it can be naturally achieved by imposing the constraint concerning the conservation of a weighted sum $su{m}_{epsilon}f(epsilon)epsilon{n}_{e}psilon$, with a fixed positive weight function $f$, of the contributions of the single energy levels occupation in the Microcanonical Ensemble scheme, obtaining $$. This immediately addresses the possibility that also a weighted sum $su{m}_{epsilon}g(epsilon)n_{e}psilon$ of the particles occupation number is conserved, having as a consequence that the chemical potential might be a function of the energy levels of the system as well. This scheme leads to a thermodynamics of open systems in the following way: the equilibrium is reached when the entropy function is maximised under the constraints that some weighed sums of occupation of the energy levels and the occupation numbers are conserved. The standard case of isolated systems corresponds to the weight functions being trivial (i.e. $f,g$ are identically 1). For such open systems, new and unexpected phenomena which might happen in nature can appear, like the Bose Einstein Condensation in excited levels. The ideas outlined in the present paper may provide a new approach for the treatment of the irreversible thermodynamics.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.04245

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zbMATH Keywords

entropyBose-Einstein condensationirreversible thermodynamicsmicrocanonical ensemblenon-equilibrium steady statesequilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamicsthermodynamics of open systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory (82C35)

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Cited In (5)

• The second law of thermodynamics for open systems
• Balance between quantum Markov semigroups
• The spectrum of the Schrödinger–Hamiltonian for trapped particles in a cylinder with a topological defect perturbed by two attractive delta interactions
• Spectral actions for q-particles and their asymptotics
• Entropy and specific heat for open systems in steady states

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