Modular inequalities for the maximal operator in variable Lebesgue spaces

DOI10.1016/J.NA.2018.01.007MaRDI QIDQ1626693zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Giovanni Di Fratta, A. Fiorenza, D. Cruz-Uribe

Publication date 21 November 2018

Published in Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods \& Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.05217

zbMATH Keywords

maximal function modular inequalities variable Lebesgue space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities for sums, series and integrals (26D15) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)

Abstract: A now classical result in the theory of variable Lebesgue spaces due to Lerner [A. K. Lerner, On modular inequalities in variable

L^{p}

spaces, Archiv der Math. 85 (2005), no. 6, 538-543] is that a modular inequality for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function in

L^{p (c d o t)} (m a t h b b R^{n})

holds if and only if the exponent is constant. We generalize this result and give a new and simpler proof. We then find necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the weaker modular inequality [ int_Omega Mf(x)^{p(x)},dx leq c_1 int_Omega |f(x)|^{q(x)},dx + c_2, ] where

c_{1},, c_{2}

are non-negative constants and

O m e g a

is any measurable subset of

m a t h b b R^{n}

. As a corollary we get sufficient conditions for the modular inequality [ int_Omega |Tf(x)|^{p(x)},dx leq c_1 int_Omega |f(x)|^{q(x)},dx + c_2, ] where

T

is any operator that is bounded on

L^{p} (O m e g a)

,

1 < p < i n f t y

.

Review text

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$ be a Lebesgue measurable set, $0<|\Omega|\le \infty$. Given a measurable exponent function $p: \Omega \to [1,\infty)$, quoted as $p\in \mathcal P(\Omega)$, set \[ \rho_{p,\Omega}(f)=\int_{\Omega}|f(x)|^{p(x)}\,dx. \] The variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}$ is defined as the set of all measurable functions $f$ such that for some $\lambda>0$, $\rho_{p,\Omega}(f/\lambda)<\infty$. The space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\Omega)$ is a Banach space when equipped with the Luxemburg norm \[ \|f\|_{L^{p(x)}(\Omega)}=\inf \{\lambda : \rho_{p,\Omega}(f/\lambda)\le 1\}. \] For a function $f\in L'_{\text{loc}}(\Omega)$ let us introduce the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function $Mf$ defined by \[ Mf(x)=\sup_{Q\ni x}\frac{1}{|Q|} \int_{Q}|f(y)|\,dy, \] where $Q$ runs over all cubes $Q\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ containing $x$ and whose sides are parallel to the coordinates axes. As it is well known the operator $M$ is bounded in the classical space $L^{p}(\Omega)$. \par For a measurable exponent function $p$ and a measurable set $E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $|E\cap \Omega|>0$ let us write \[ p_{+}(E)=\mathop{\text{ess sup}}_ {x\in E\cap\Omega} p(x),\quad p_{-}(E)=\mathop{\text{ess inf}}_{x\in E\cap \Omega} p(x) \] and for brevity, $p_{+}=p_{+}(\Omega)$, $p_{-}=p_{-}(\Omega)$. \par Neugebauer and the first and third authors of this paper proved the inequality \[ \|Mf\|_{L^{p(\cdot)}(\Omega)}\le C\|f\|_{L^{p(\cdot)}(\Omega)} \] under the hypothesis that $1<p_{-}\le p_{+}<\infty$ and $p$ is log-Hölder continuous both locally and at infinity. \par Concerning the modular inequality \[ \int_{\Omega} Mf(x)^{p(x)}\,dx \le C\int_{\Omega}|f(x)|^{p(x)}\,dx, \] Lerner proved that for $\Omega=\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $p_{+}<\infty$ it holds only in the case that $p$ is constant almost everywhere. However, weaker modular inequalities that include an error term are true. The goal of the present paper is to give necessary and sufficient conditions for modular inequalities of the form \[ \int_{\Omega}Mf(x)^{p(x)}\,dx \le c_{1} \int_{\Omega} |f(x)|^{q(x)}\,dx+c_{2} \tag{1} \] to hold for all measurable functions $f$, $p$ and $q$ measurable exponent functions and $c_{1}>0$, $c_{2}\ge 0$ some constants. \par The characterization of the exponents $p$ and $q$, for which the modular inequality holds, depends strongly on whether $\Omega$ has finite or infinite measure. \begin{itemize} \item[$\bullet$] Given a set $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $0<|\Omega|<\infty$, let $p(\cdot),q(\cdot)\in \mathcal{P}(\Omega)$, $p(\cdot)\not\equiv 1$. Then the modular inequality (1) holds if and only if $p_{+}(\Omega)\le q_{-}(\Omega)$. \end{itemize} To deal with the case of infinite measure, $|\Omega|=\infty$, given two exponent functions $p,q\in \mathcal{P}(\Omega)$ write $p(\cdot)\Bumpeq q(\cdot)$ ($p$ and $q$ touch at infinity) if for every set $E\subset\Omega$ with $|E|=\infty$ it is \[ p_{+}(E)=p_{+}(\Omega)=q_{-}(\Omega)=q_{.}(E). \] Then one has \begin{itemize} \item[$\bullet$] Given a set $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb R^{n}$, $|\Omega|=\infty$, let $p(\cdot),q(\cdot)\in\mathcal{P}(\Omega)$, $p(\cdot)\not\equiv 1$. Define $D:=\{x\in\Omega: p(x)<q(x)\}\ne 0$. Then the following are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] The modular inequality (1) holds; \item[(ii)] $p(\cdot)\Bumpeq q(\cdot)$ and $L^{q(\cdot)}(\Omega)\hookrightarrow L^{p(\cdot)}(\Omega)$; \item[(iii)] $p(\cdot)\Bumpeq q(\cdot)$ and there exists $\lambda >1$ such that \[ \rho_{r(\cdot),D}(1/\lambda)=\int_{D}\lambda^{-r(x)}\,dx<\infty, \tag{2} \] where $r(\cdot)$ is the defect exponent defined by $\frac{1}{r(x)}=\frac{1}{p(x)}-\frac{1}{q(x)}$; \item[(iv)] $p(\cdot)\Bumpeq q(\cdot)$ and there exists a measurable function $\omega$, $0<\omega(\cdot)\le 1$, such that \[ \rho_{p(\cdot),D}(\omega)=\int_{D}\omega(x)^{p(x)}\,dx<\infty \] and \[ \|\omega(\cdot)^{-|p_{+}-p(\cdot)|}\|_{L^{\infty}(D)}\cdot \|\omega(\cdot)^{-|q(\cdot)-p_{+}|}\|_{L^{\infty}(D)}<\infty. \] \end{itemize} \end{itemize} The proof of sufficiency in the previous results uses only the fact that the maximal operator is bounded on $L^{p}(\Omega)$. So the following corollary holds. \begin{itemize} \item[$\bullet$] Given a set $\Omega$ and $p(\cdot),q(\cdot)\in\mathcal{P}(\Omega)$, suppose that either $|\Omega|<\infty$ and $p_{+}(\Omega)\le q_{-}(\Omega)$, or $|\Omega|=\infty$, $p(\cdot) \Bumpeq q(\cdot)$, and (2) holds. If $T$ is any operator that is bounded on $L^{p}(\Omega)$ for all $1<p<\infty$, then \[ \int_{\Omega}|Tf(x)|^{p(x)}\,dx \le c_{1}\int_{\Omega}|f(x)|^{q(x)}\,dx +c_{2}, \] with positive constants $c_{1}$, $c_{2}$ that depend on $p(\cdot)$, $q(\cdot)$ and $T$ but not on $f$. \end{itemize}

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