A disconnected deformation space of rational maps

DOI10.3934/JMD.2017016MaRDI QIDQ1630367zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 December 2018

Published in Journal of Modern Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.07378

liftable mapping classes moduli space rational maps Teichmüller space

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Combinatorics and topology in relation with holomorphic dynamical systems (37F20)

Abstract: Let

f : (m a t h b b P^{1}, P) o (m a t h b b P^{1}, P)

be a postcritically finite rational map with postcritical set

P

. William Thurston showed that

f

induces a holomorphic pullback map

s i g m a_{f} : m a t h c a l T_{P} o m a t h c a l T_{P}

on the Teichm"uller space

{m a t h c a l T}_{P} := m a t h r m T e i c h (m a t h b b P^{1}, P)

. If

f

is not a flexible Latt`es map, Thurston proved that

s i g m a_{f}

has a unique fixed point. In his PhD thesis, Adam Epstein generalized Thurston's ideas and defined a deformation space associated to a rational map

f : (m a t h b b P^{1}, A) o (m a t h b b P^{1}, B)

where

A s u b s e t e q B

, allowing for maps

f

which are not necessarily postcritically finite. By definition, the deformation space

m a t h r m {D e f}_{B}^{A} (f) s u b s e t e q m a t h c a l T_{B}

is the locus where the pullback map

s i g m a_{f} : m a t h c a l T_{B} o m a t h c a l T_{A}

and the forgetful map

s i g m a_{A}^{B} : m a t h c a l T_{B} o m a t h c a l T_{A}

agree. Using purely local arguments, Epstein showed that

m a t h r m {D e f}_{B}^{A} (f)

is a smooth analytic submanifold of

m a t h c a l T_{B}

of dimension

| B - A |

. In this article, we investigate the question of whether

m a t h r m {D e f}_{B}^{A} (f)

is connected. We exhibit a family of quadratic rational maps for which the associated deformation spaces are disconnected; in fact, each has infinitely many components.

Review text

The deformation space of a branched cover \(f : (S^2, A) \longrightarrow (S^2,B)\) is a complex submanifold of a certain Teichmüller space, which consists of classes of marked rational maps \(F : (\mathbb{P}^1, A') \longrightarrow (\mathbb{P}^1,B')\) that are combinatorially equivalent to \(f\). In the case \(A = B\), under a mild assumption on \(f\), \textit{W.P. Thurston} [Lecture Notes; CBMS Conference, University of Minnesota at Duluth, 1983] gave a topological criterion for which the deformation space of \(f : (S^2, A) \longrightarrow (S^2,B)\) is nonempty, and he proved that it is always connected [\textit{A. Douady} et al., Acta Math., 171, 263--297 (1993; Zbl 0806.30027)]. The authors show that if \(A \subsetneq B\), then the deformation space need not be connected. They provide a family of quadratic rational maps for which the associated deformation spaces are disconnected; in fact, each has infinitely many components.

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