Gradings on classical central simple real Lie algebras

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Abstract: For any abelian group G, we classify up to isomorphism all G-gradings on the classical central simple Lie algebras, except those of type D4, over the field of real numbers (or any real closed field).


Let \(R\) be an associative algebra with an involution over a real closed field \(k\). Assume that \(R\) is of the form \(\operatorname{Mat}(n,k),\operatorname{Mat}(n,\mathbb H), \operatorname{Mat}(n,\mathbb C),\operatorname{Mat}(n,k)\times\operatorname{Mat}(n,k),\operatorname{Mat}(n,\mathbb H)\times\operatorname{Mat}(n,\mathbb H).\) Fix in \(R\) an involution which is orthogonal, symplectic ot Hermitian or in the last three cases of the second kind. Then skew-symmetric elements of \(R\) form a Lie algebra. In the last three cases take the derived Lie algebra of skew-symmetric elements. By this construction one can obtain all central simple real Lie algebras, except those of type \(D_4\). Suppose \(G\) is an abelian group. All \(G\)-gradings of \(R\) are known from previous authors results. So all \(G\)-gradings on the choosen class of Lie algebra are obtained as induced from \(R\). All \(G\)-gradings in the case of algebraically closed filed of characteristic zero are presented in the book [\textit{A. Elduque} and \textit{M. Kochetov}, Gradings on simple Lie algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2013; Zbl 1281.17001)].











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