On k-additive uniqueness of the set of squares for multiplicative functions

Abstract: P. V. Chung showed that there are many multiplicative functions

f

which satisfy

f (m^{2} + n^{2}) = f (m^{2}) + f (n^{2})

for all positive integers

m

and

n

. In this article, we show that if more than

2

squares in the additive condition are involved, then such

f

is uniquely determined. That is, if a multiplicative function

f

satisfies [ f(a_1^2 + a_2^2 + dotsb + a_k^2) = f(a_1^2) + f(a_2^2) + dotsb + f(a_k^2) ] for arbitrary positive integers

a_{i}

, then

f

is the identity function. In this sense, we call the set of all posotive squares a emph{

k

-additive uniqueness set} for multiplicative functions.

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