Derivation of the magnetic Euler-Heisenberg energy

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2017.07.015zbMATH Open1396.81218arXiv1602.04047OpenAlexW4298374536MaRDI QIDQ1663060FDOQ1663060

Éric Séré, Philippe Gravejat, M. Lewin

Publication date: 21 August 2018

Published in: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In quantum field theory, the vacuum is a fluctuating medium which behaves as a nonlinear polarizable material. In this article, we perform the first rigorous derivation of the magnetic Euler-Heisenberg effective energy, a nonlinear functional that describes the effective fluctuations of the quantum vacuum in a classical magnetic field. We start from a classical magnetic field in interaction with a quan-tized Dirac field in its ground state, and we study a limit in which the classical magnetic field is slowly varying. After a change of scales, this is equivalent to a semi-classical limit $hbaro0$, with a strong magnetic field of order $1/hbar$. In this regime, we prove that the energy of Dirac's polarized vacuum converges to the Euler-Heisenberg functional. The model has ultraviolet divergences, which we regularize using the Pauli-Villars method. We also discuss how to remove the regularization of the Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian, using charge renormaliza-tion, perturbatively to any order of the coupling constant.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.04047

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zbMATH Keywords

charge renormalizationDirac's polarized vacuumEuler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangiansemi-classical regime in strong magnetic fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism in mechanics of particles and systems (70S05) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20) Axiomatic quantum field theory; operator algebras (81T05) Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10)

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