Characterization of Kollár surfaces

Abstract: Koll'ar introduced in [Ko08] the surfaces

(x_1^{a_1}x_2+x_2^{a_2}x_3+x_3^{a_3}x_4+x_4^{a_4}x_1=0)subset mathbb{P}(w_1,w_2,w_3,w_4)

where

w_{i} = W_{i} / w^{*}

,

W_{i} = a_{i + 1} a_{i + 2} a_{i + 3} - a_{i + 2} a_{i + 3} + a_{i + 3} - 1

, and

w^{*} =

gcd

(W_{1}, l d o t s, W_{4})

. The aim was to give many interesting examples of

m a t h b b Q

-homology projective planes. They occur when

w^{*} = 1

. For that case, we prove that Koll'ar surfaces are Hwang-Keum [HK12] surfaces. For

w^{*} > 1

, we construct a geometrically explicit birational map between Koll'ar surfaces and cyclic covers

z^{w^{*}} = l_{1}^{a_{2} a_{3} a_{4}} l_{2}^{- a_{3} a_{4}} l_{3}^{a_{4}} l_{4}^{- 1}

, where

l_{1}, l_{2}, l_{3}, l_{4}

are four general lines in

m a t h b b P^{2}

. In addition, by using various properties on classical Dedekind sums, we prove that: (a) For any

w^{*} > 1

, we have

p_{g} = 0

iff the Koll'ar surface is rational. This happens when

a_{i + 1} e q u i v 1

or

a_{i} a_{i + 1} e q u i v - 1 (

mod

w^{*})

for some

i

. (b) For any

w^{*} > 1

, we have

p_{g} = 1

iff the Koll'ar surface is birational to a K3 surface. We classify this situation. (c) For

w^{*} > > 0

, we have that the smooth minimal model

S

of a generic Koll'ar surface is of general type with

K_{S}^{2} / e (S) o 1

.

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