Isothermic coordinates on irregular sewing surfaces
In this paper the author investigates the question about existence and uniqueness of isothermal coordinates on sewing irregular surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^m\). Sewing irregular surfaces are special case of irregular surfaces. The irregular surfaces \(\mathcal{X}\) considered here are given by a continuous vector function \(f:D\subset \mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}^m\), \(m\geq 3\), where \(D\) is a simply connected domain in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(f\) has total differential with rank 2 everywhere in \(D\) and \(f: D\to f(D)\) is homeomorphism. Suppose that \(f(D)\) has the metric induced from \(\mathbb{R}^m\), and let \(E=|f_{x_1}|^2, F=\langle f_{x_1}, f_{x_2}\rangle\) and \(G=|f_{x_2}|^2\), where \(x_1,x_2\) are the Cartesian coordinates in \(\mathbb{R}^2\). \textit{V. M. Miklyukov} [Sb. Math. 195, No. 1, 65--83 (2004; Zbl 1081.53057); translation from Mat. Sb. 195, No. 1, 69--88 (2004)] gave a famous theorem for this kind of surfaces as follows. Theorem 1. Suppose \(\mathcal{X}\) is a surface in \(\mathbb{R}^m\) as shown above, let \[ P(x)=\frac{E(x)+G(x)}{\sqrt{E(x)G(x)-F^2(x)}}. \] If for an arbitrary subdomain \(D'\) in \(D\) there exists a \(W^{1,2}\) function \(K\) defined on \(D'\) such that \(P(x)\leq K(x)\) holds for all \(x\in D'\). In this case the function \(P\) is called \(W^{1,2}_{\mathrm{loc}}\)-majorant in \(D\), denoted by \(P\in W^{1,2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(D)\). Then there exists a homeomorphism \(\Phi:B(O,R)\) \((R>1)\to D\) where \(\Phi\in W^{1,2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(B(O,R))\) such that the coordinates \(\xi_1, \xi_2\) in \(B(O,R)\) are the isothermal (not isothermic!) coordinates on the surface \(\mathcal{X}\), where \(B(O,R)\) is the closed ball with center \(O=(0,0)\) and radius \(R\). Furthermore, the homeomorphism \(\Phi\) is determined uniquely by two given points \(a,b \in D\) such that \(a=\Phi(O), b=\Phi(\Xi)\) where \(\Xi=(1,0)\in \mathbb{R}^2\). The author of this paper give an analogous theorem, namely Theorem 4, for the sewing surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^m\), which are obtained by sewing finite many of pieces shown as above. The author says that this theory might be useful for constructing meshes in computational mathematics.
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