Physical constraints on quantum deformations of spacetime symmetries

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2018.06.014zbMATH Open1395.83031arXiv1802.09483OpenAlexW2788908770WikidataQ57757683 ScholiaQ57757683MaRDI QIDQ1672280FDOQ1672280

Authors: Flavio Mercati, Matteo Sergola 

Publication date: 7 September 2018

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this work we study the deformations into Lie bialgebras of the three relativistic Lie algebras: de Sitter, Anti-de Sitter and Poincar'e, which describe the symmetries of the three maximally symmetric spacetimes. These algebras represent the centrepiece of the kinematics of special relativity (and its analogue in (Anti-)de Sitter spacetime), and provide the simplest framework to build physical models in which inertial observers are equivalent. Such a property can be expected to be preserved by Quantum Gravity, a theory which should build a length/energy scale into the microscopic structure of spacetime. Quantum groups, and their infinitesimal version `Lie bialgebras', allow to encode such a scale into a noncommutativity of the algebra of functions over the group (and over spacetime, when the group acts on a homogeneous space). In 2+1 dimensions we have evidence that the vacuum state of Quantum Gravity is one such `noncommutative spacetime' whose symmetries are described by a Lie bialgebra. It is then of great interest to study the possible Lie bialgebra deformations of the relativistic Lie algebras. In this paper, we develop a classification of such deformations in 2, 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions, based on physical requirements based on dimensional analysis, on various degrees of `manifest isotropy' (which implies that certain symmetries, i.e. Lorentz transformations or rotations, are `more classical'), and on discrete symmetries like P and T. On top of a series of new results in 3 and 4 dimensions, we find a no-go theorem for the Lie bialgebras in 4 dimensions, which singles out the well-known `$kappa$-deformation' as the only one that depends on the first power of the Planck length, or, alternatively, that possesses `manifest' spatial isotropy.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.09483

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Lie bialgebras; Lie coalgebras (17B62) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50) Special relativity (83A05) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Methods of noncommutative geometry in general relativity (83C65)

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Cited In (13)

• Noncommutative spaces of worldlines
• Coisotropic Lie bialgebras and complementary dual Poisson homogeneous spaces
• Light cone in a quantum spacetime
• The momentum spaces of \(\kappa \)-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime
• 3-dimensional \(\Lambda\)-BMS symmetry and its deformations
• The Poincaré group as a Drinfel’d double
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