Equilibration in the Kac model using the GTW metric d₂

Abstract: We use the Fourier based Gabetta-Toscani-Wennberg (GTW) metric

d_{2}

to study the rate of convergence to equilibrium for the Kac model in

1

dimension. We take the initial velocity distribution of the particles to be a Borel probability measure

m u

on

m a t h b b R^{n}

that is symmetric in all its variables, has mean

v e c 0

and finite second moment. Let

m u_{t} (d v)

denote the Kac-evolved distribution at time

t

, and let

R_{m} u

be the angular average of

m u

. We give an upper bound to

d_{2} (m u_{t}, R_{m} u)

of the form

m i n B e^{- f r a c 4 l a m b d a_{1} n + 3 t}, d_{2} (m u, R_{m} u)

, where

l a m b d a_{1} = f r a c n + 2 2 (n - 1)

is the gap of the Kac model in

L^{2}

and

B

depends only on the second moment of

m u

. We also construct a family of Schwartz probability densities

f_{0}^{(n)} : m a t h b b R^{n} i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b R

with finite second moments that shows practically no decrease in

d_{2} (f_{0} (t), R_{f_{0}})

for time at least

f r a c 1 2 l a m b d a

with

l a m b d a

the rate of the Kac operator. We also present a propagation of chaos result for the partially thermostated Kac model in [14].

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