On entropy production in the Madelung fluid and the role of Bohm's potential in classical diffusion

DOI10.1007/S10701-016-0003-1zbMATH Open1380.81108arXiv1509.01265OpenAlexW3103467243WikidataQ62568707 ScholiaQ62568707MaRDI QIDQ1689797FDOQ1689797

Authors: E. Heifetz, Roumen Tsekov, Eliahu Cohen, Z. Nussinov 

Publication date: 17 January 2018

Published in: Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Madelung equations map the non-relativistic time-dependent Schrodinger equation into hydrodynamic equations of a virtual fluid. Here we show that an increase of the Boltzmann entropy of this Madelung fluid is proportional to the expectation value of its velocity divergence. Hence, entropy growth is accompanied by expansion resulting from the ability of the Madelung fluid to be compressible. The compressibility itself reflects superposition of solutions of the Schrodinger equation. Thus, in unitary processes where the Madelung fluid expands and then shrinks, the Boltzmann entropy may, correspondingly, grow and then decrease. The notion of entropy growth due to expansion is common in diffusive processes, however in the latter the process is irreversible. Much unlike the Boltzmann entropy, the von Neumann entropy, does not vary with time. To elucidate the physical underpinning of the Boltzmann entropy, we examine several specific examples. We demonstrate that, for classical diffusive processes, the "force" accelerating diffusion has the form of the positive gradient of the quantum Bohm potential. In the Madelung fluid, the advective and the diffusive velocities correspond respectively to the the real and imaginary parts of the complex momentum. We find that the diffusion coefficient provides a lower bound of Heisenberg uncertainty type product between the gas mean free path and the Brownian momentum.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01265

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zbMATH Keywords

entropyhydrodynamicsMadelung equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Brownian motion (60J65) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Stochastic mechanics (including stochastic electrodynamics) (81P20) Alternative quantum mechanics (including hidden variables, etc.) (81Q65) Quantum stochastic calculus (81S25)

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Cited In (10)

• Time-independent, paraxial and time-dependent Madelung trajectories near zeros
• Quantum curl forces
• The common logic of quantum universe. I: The case of non-relativistic quantum mechanics
• Interpretation of Schrödinger equation based on classical mechanics and spin
• Effects of entanglement on vortex dynamics in the hydrodynamic representation of quantum mechanics
• Quantising a Hamiltonian curl force
• Toward local Madelung mechanics in spacetime
• Toward a thermo-hydrodynamic like description of Schrödinger equation via the Madelung formulation and Fisher information
• Observing quantum trajectories: From Mott's problem to quantum Zeno effect and back
• The identification of mean quantum potential with Fisher information leads to a strong uncertainty relation

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