Equations of motion as constraints: superselection rules, Ward identities

DOI10.1007/JHEP03(2017)136zbMATH Open1377.83023arXiv1612.05886OpenAlexW2570047565WikidataQ62560969 ScholiaQ62560969MaRDI QIDQ1693005FDOQ1693005

Manuel Asorey, Fedele Lizzi, A. P. Balachandran, Giuseppe Marmo

Publication date: 10 January 2018

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The meaning of local observables is poorly understood in gauge theories, not to speak of quantum gravity. As a step towards a better understanding we study asymptotic (infrared) transformation in local quantum physics. Our observables are smeared by test functions, at first vanishing at infinity. In this context we show that the equations of motion can be seen as constraints, which generate a group, the group of space and time dependent gauge transformations.This is one of the main points of the paper. Infrared nontrivial effects are captured allowing test functions which do not vanish at infinity. These extended operators generate a larger group. The quotient of the two groups generate superselection sectors, which differentiate different infrared sectors. The BMS group changes the superselection sector, a result long known for its Lorentz subgroup. It is hence spontaneously broken. Ward identities implied by the gauge invariance of the S-matrix generalize the standard results and lead to charge conservation and low energy theorems. Their validity does not require Lorentz invariance.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.05886

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zbMATH Keywords

gauge symmetrynonperturbative effectsspace-time symmetries

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonperturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T16) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Operator algebra methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R15)

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Cited In (15)

• Logarithmic terms in the soft expansion in four dimensions
• Classical and quantum results on logarithmic terms in the soft theorem in four dimensions
• Testing subleading multiple soft graviton theorem for CHY prescription
• Gravity waves from soft theorem in general dimensions
• Evolutionary equations and constraints: Maxwell equations
• Entangled scent of a charge
• Soft theorems from compactification
• Subleading soft graviton theorem for loop amplitudes
• Subleading soft theorem for multiple soft gravitons
• Sub-subleading soft graviton theorem in generic theories of quantum gravity
• On the structure and applications of the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group
• Equations of motion as covariant Gauss law: The Maxwell–Chern–Simons case
• Subleading soft theorem for arbitrary number of external soft photons and gravitons
• Soft theorems in superstring theory
• Covariant Jacobi brackets for test particles

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