Periodic orbits in the restricted three-body problem and Arnold's J^+-invariant

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Periodic orbits in the restricted three-body problem and Arnold's \(J^+\)-invariant



Abstract: We apply Arnold's theory of generic smooth plane curves to Stark-Zeeman systems. This is a class of Hamiltonian dynamical systems that describes the dynamics of an electron in an external electric and magnetic field, and includes many systems from celestial mechanics. Based on Arnold's J+-invariant, we introduce invariants of periodic orbits in planar Stark-Zeeman systems and study their behaviour.


After a short introduction the authors formulate clearly the task of the paper: \textit{Find invariants under Stark-Zeeman homotopies}. In order to achieve it they introduce two invariants \(J_1\) and \(J_2\) (based on Arnold's \(J^+\)-invariant) which are used to formulate the results in the form of two Theorems. This is done in Sections 2 and 3 and the theorems are proved in Section 4. On their way the authors list more than a dozen problems in physics and mechanics where the results of the paper are of real relevance. The exposition is quite informative, clear and well illustrated by many graphics which are of a definite help in understanding the problem under consideration.











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