Inverse results on row sequences of Hermite-Padé approximation

DOI10.1134/S0081543817060128MaRDI QIDQ1701889zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Guillermo López Lagomasino, Yanely Zaldivar Gerpe

Publication date 27 February 2018

Published in Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.04797

direct problems Hermite-Padé approximation incomplete Padé approximants inverse problems system pole points system singularity points

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Approximation in the complex plane (30E10) Padé approximation (41A21)

Abstract: We consider row sequences of (type II) Hermite-Pad'e approximations with common denominator associated with a vector

of formal power expansions about the origin. In terms of the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of common denominators, we describe some analytic properties of

and restate some conjectures corresponding to questions once posed by A. A. Gonchar for row sequences of Pad'e approximants.

Review text

In this paper some analytic properties of a vector of formal power expansion about the origin are studied in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of the common denominators of the type II Hermite-Padé approximants. Two conjectures to questions posed by A. A. Gonchar for row sequences of Padé approximants are restated. In order to have a comprehensive approach to the contents of this contribution, let us introduce some basic background. Let \(\mathbf f= (f_1,\ldots, f_d)\) be a system of \(d\) formal Taylor expansions. For a fixed multi-index \(\mathbf m= (m_1, \ldots, m_d)\in \mathbb Z^d_+\setminus\{\mathbf 0\}\), let denote \(|\mathbf m|= m_1+\cdots + m_d\). Then for each \(n\geq \max\{n_1,\ldots, n_d\}\) there exist polynomials \(q(z)\) and \(p_k(z), k= 1,\ldots, d\), such that {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[--] deg \(p_k\leq n-m_k, k=1,\ldots ,d\), with deg \(q\leq|\mathbf m|\), and \(q\) not identically zero. \item[--] \(q(z) f_k(z)- p_k(z)= A_k z^{n+1} + \cdots\) \end{itemize}} The vector rational function \(R_{n,\mathbf m}(z)= (\frac{p_1(z)}{q(z)},\ldots,\frac{p_d(z)}{q(z)})\) is said to be an \((n, m)\) type II Hermite-Padé approximant of \(\mathbf f\). In contrast with Padé approximation, Hermite-Padé approximants are, in general, not uniquely determined. Given \((n,\mathbf m)\), let consider one particular solution and let write \(R_{n,\mathbf m}(z)= \frac{(p_{n,\mathbf m,1}(z), \ldots, p_{n,\mathbf m,d}(z))}{q_{n,\mathbf m}(z)}\), where the denominator is coprime with all the entries of the vector of polynomials in the numerator. For fixed \(\mathbf m\), the sequences \((R_{n,\mathbf m})_{n\geq|\mathbf m|}\) are called \textit{row sequences}. A point \(\zeta\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{\mathbf 0\}\) is a system pole of order \(\tau\) of \(\mathbf f\) with respect to \(\mathbf m\) if \(\tau\) is the largest positive integer such that for each \(s= 1, \ldots, \tau\) there exists at least one polynomial combination \(F=\sum_ {k=1}^d s_kf_k\), with \(s_k\) polynomial of degree less than \(m_k, k=1,\ldots, d\), which is analytic on a neighborhood of the closed disk \(\bar{D}(0,|\zeta|)\) except for a pole at \(z=\zeta\) with exact order \(s\). \(\mathbf f\) cannot have more than \(|\mathbf m|\) system poles with respect to \(\mathbf m\). In a similar way, a system singularity point of \(\mathbf f\) is defined. For a fixed \((\mathbf f,\mathbf m)\) and \(\zeta\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{\mathbf 0\},\) let denote by \(\zeta_{n,1}, \ldots, \zeta_{n,r_{n}},\) the zeros of \(q_{n,\mathbf{m}}\) indexed according their increasing distance from \(\zeta\). Following \textit{A. A. Gonchar} [Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 115(157), 590--613 (1981; Zbl 0477.30021)]], for such a \(\zeta\) two characteristic values \(\nu= \lambda(\zeta)\) and \(\mu =\mu(\zeta),\) defined in terms of the lim sup of the distance of the above zeros to \(\zeta\) and the \(n\)-th root of such a distance, respectively, are introduced. If \(\zeta\) is a system pole of \((\mathbf{f},\mathbf{m})\) of order \(\tau\), then \(\mu(\zeta) \geq \tau\). This is a direct type result. The authors claim two conjectures concerning sufficient conditions to have either a system pole point or a system singularity point in terms of the above characteristic values. An inverse result (Theorem 5.1). Let assume that \(\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} q_{n,\mathbf{m}}= q_{\mathbf{m}},\) \(\operatorname{deg}q_{\mathbf{m}}=|\mathbf{m}|\), \(q_{\mathbf{m}}(0)\neq0,\) and their zeros are simple. For a fixed \(m^\ast\), with \(1\leq m^\ast\leq \max\{m_{k}, k=1, \ldots, d\}\), let consider \(F= \sum_ {k=1}^{d} s_{k}f_{k},\) \(s_{k}\) arbitrary polynomials of degree \(\leq m_{k}- m^\ast\). Then the closure of the disk \(D_{m^\ast-1}\) centered at the origin and radius defined in terms of the difference between two consecutive incomplete Padé approximants of \(F\), contains at least \(m^\ast\) singular points of \(F\) which are zeros of \(q_{\mathbf{m}}\) and those lying in the interior of the disk are simple poles of \(F\). In particular, all such zeros are system singularities of \(\mathbf{f}\). Auxiliary results based on incomplete Padé approximants and the regularization of the sequence of coefficients of a Taylor series are carefully analyzed in order to prove the last theorem.

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