An averaging formula for the coincidence Reidemeister trace

Abstract: In the setting of continuous maps between compact orientable manifolds of the same dimension, there is a well known averaging formula for the coincidence Lefschetz number in terms of the Lefschetz numbers of lifts to some finite covering space. We state and prove an analogous averaging formula for the coincidence Reidemeister trace. This generalizes a recent formula in fixed point theory by Liu and Zhao. We give two separate and independent proofs of our main result: one using methods developed by Kim and the first author for averaging Nielsen numbers, and one using an axiomatic approach for the local Reidemeister trace. We also give some examples and state some open questions for the nonorientable case.

Review text

Let \(M_1\), \(M_2\) be closed orientable manifolds of the same dimension with universal coverings \(p_1:\tilde{M}_1\to M_1\), \(p_2:\tilde{M}_2\to M_2\) with covering transformation groups \(\Pi_1\) and \(\Pi_2\). Let \(f,g:M_1\to M_2\) be continuous maps and choose liftings \(\tilde{f}\) and \(\tilde{g}\). Then we get homomorphisms \(\phi, \psi:\Pi_1\to\Pi_2\) given by \(\phi(\alpha)\tilde{f}=\tilde{f}\alpha\) and likewise for \(g\). Define a conjugacy relation \(\sim\) on \(\Pi_2\) by defining \(\alpha\sim\beta\) if there is a \(\gamma\in\Pi_1\) with \(\alpha=\psi(\gamma)^{-1}\beta\phi(\gamma)\). Then the set of Reidemeister classes is defined to be \(\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]:=\Pi_2/\sim\). The set of coincidence classes is then known to be the disjoint union \(\text{Coin}(f,g)=\bigsqcup_{[\beta]\in\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]}p_1(\text{Coin}(\beta\tilde{f},\tilde{g}))\). The coincidence Reidemeister trace of \((f,g)\) is then defined as \(RT(f,\tilde{f},g,\tilde{g})=\sum_{[\beta]\in\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]}\text{ind}(f,g;p_1(\text{Coin}(\beta\tilde{f},\tilde{g})))[\beta]\in\mathbb{Z}\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]\). Here, \(\text{ind}\) denotes the coincidence index. Let now \(\Gamma_1\) and \(\Gamma_2\) be normal subgroups of \(\Pi_1\) and \(\Pi_2\) with finite index such that \(\phi(\Gamma_1)\subset\Gamma_2\) and \(\psi(\Gamma_1)\subset\Gamma_2\). Let \(\bar{M}_1=\Gamma_1\backslash\tilde{M}_1\) and \(\bar{M}_2=\Gamma_2\backslash\tilde{M}_2\). If instead of \(\tilde{f}\) we use another lift \(\beta\tilde{f}\) we obtain a homomorphism \(\tau_\beta\phi:\Pi_1\to\Pi_2\). Moreover, the inclusion \(i_2:\Gamma_2\to\Pi_2\) induces a map \(\hat{i}_2^\beta:\mathcal{R}[\tau_\beta\phi',\psi']\to\mathcal{R}[\tau_\beta,\psi]\). Here, \(\tau_\beta\phi'\) is the homomorphism \(\Gamma_1\to\Gamma_2\) obtained from the lift \(\beta\tilde{f}\) of \(\bar{\beta}\bar{f}:\bar{M}_1\to\bar{M}_2\). Finally, we note that right multiplication by \(\beta\) yields a map \(\rho_\beta:\mathcal{R}[\tau_\beta\phi,\psi]\to\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]\) providing us with an isomorphism \(\rho_\beta:\mathbb{Z}\mathcal{R}[\tau_\beta\phi,\psi]\to\mathbb{Z}\mathcal{R}[\phi,\psi]\). With these preliminaries and the same notation we can now state the authors' main result: \(\text{RT}(f,\tilde{f},g,\tilde{g})=\frac1{[\Pi_1:\Gamma_1]}\sum_{\bar{\beta}\in\Pi_2/\Gamma_2}\rho_\beta\circ\hat{ i}_2^\beta(\text{RT}(\bar{\beta}\bar{f},\beta\tilde{f},\bar{g},\tilde{g}))\).

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