A quantum version of the algebra of distributions of SL₂

Affine algebraic groups, hyperalgebra constructions (14L17) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05) Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields (20G15)

Abstract: Let

l a m b d a

be a primitive root of unity of order

e l l

. We introduce a family of finite-dimensional algebras

{m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})}_{N i n m a t h b b N_{0}}

over the complex numbers, such that

m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

is a subalgebra of

m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, M} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

if

N < M

, and

m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N - 1} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2}) s u b s e t m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

is a

m a t h f r a k u_{l a m b d a} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

-cleft extension. The simple

m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

-modules

(m a t h c a l L_{N} (p))_{0 l e p < e l l^{N + 1}}

are highest weight modules, which admit a tensor product decomposition: the first factor is a simple

m a t h f r a k u_{l a m b d a} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

-module and the second factor is a simple

m a t h c a l D_{l a m b d a, N - 1} (m a t h f r a k {s l}_{2})

-module. This factorization resembles the corresponding Steinberg decomposition, and the family of algebras resembles the presentation of algebra of distributions of

o p e r a t o r n a m e {S L}_{2}

as a filtration by finite-dimensional subalgebras.

Review text

Let \(\lambda\) be a root of unity of odd order \(\ell\) and \(\mathfrak{u} = \mathfrak{u}_\lambda(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) the small quantum group of order \(\ell^3\) (a slight variation of the usual one). The author introduces a chain of finite-dimensional complex algebras \((\mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2))_{N\in \mathbb N_0}\), with \(\mathcal D_{\lambda,N-1}(\mathfrak{sl}_2) \hookrightarrow \mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) a cleft extension of \(\mathfrak{u}\)-comodule algebras. Putting all of them together in \(\mathcal D_{\lambda} (\mathfrak{sl}_2) := \lim\limits_{\to} \mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) one gets a quantized version of the algebra of distributions of \(SL_2\) (in positive characteristic). The algebras \(\mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) have triangular decompositions, hence highest weight modules; the classification of the simple representations of \(\mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) follows in a familiar way. Every simple \(\mathcal D_{\lambda,N} (\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)-module admits a tensor product decomposition, where the first factor is a simple \(\mathfrak{u}_\lambda(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)-module and the second factor is a simple \(\mathcal D_{\lambda,N-1}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)-module; this factorization is meant to be a quantum version of the celebrated Steinberg decomposition theorem. The motivation behind these constructions and results is a new approach to a character formula of simple modules over a simple algebraic group proposed in [\textit{G. Lusztig}, Represent. Theory 19, 3--8 (2015; Zbl 1316.20049)], in turn stimulated by the counterexamples to a previous conjecture presented in [\textit{G. Williamson}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 30, No. 4, 1023--1046 (2017; Zbl 1380.20015)].

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