Long-range order, ``tower of states, and symmetry breaking in lattice quantum systems
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Long-range order, ``tower'' of states, and symmetry breaking in lattice quantum systems
Long-range order, ``tower'' of states, and symmetry breaking in lattice quantum systems
Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and systems on graphs in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C20) Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials (82D40)
Abstract: In a quantum many-body system where the Hamiltonian and the order operator do not commute, it often happens that the unique ground state of a finite system exhibits long-range order (LRO) but does not show spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). Typical examples include antiferromagnetic quantum spin systems with Neel order, and lattice boson systems which exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation. By extending and improving previous results by Horsch and von der Linden and by Koma and Tasaki, we here develop a fully rigorous and almost complete theory about the relation between LRO and SSB in the ground state of a finite system with continuous symmetry. We show that a ground state with LRO but without SSB is inevitably accompanied by a series of energy eigenstates, known as the "tower" of states, which have extremely low excitation energies. More importantly, we also prove that one gets a physically realistic "ground state" by taking a superposition of these low energy excited states. The present paper is written in a self-contained manner, and does not require any knowledge about the previous works on the subject.
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Cites work
- An Approximate Quantum Theory of the Antiferromagnetic Ground State
- Antiferromagnetism
- Ordering Energy Levels of Interacting Spin Systems
- Physics and Mathematics of Quantum Many-Body Systems
- Symmetry breaking and finite-size effects in quantum many-body systems
- Symmetry breaking in Heisenberg antiferromagnets
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(9)- Symmetry breaking in Heisenberg antiferromagnets
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- Zero-variance of perturbation Hamiltonian density in perturbed spin systems
- Spontaneous symmetry breaking in coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
- The classical limit and spontaneous symmetry breaking in algebraic quantum theory
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- Emergent phenomena in nature: a paradox with theory?
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