A Hardy inequality and applications to reverse Hölder inequalities for weights on R

DOI10.2969/JMSJ/07017323MaRDI QIDQ1743697zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Eleftherios N. Nikolidakis

Publication date 13 April 2018

Published in Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.1991

zbMATH Keywords

Hardy inequalities reverse Hölder inequalities weights

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities for sums, series and integrals (26D15) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25)

Abstract: We prove a sharp integral inequality valid for non-negative functions defined on

[0, 1]

, with given

L^{1}

norm. This is in fact a generalization of the well known integral Hardy inequality. We prove it as a consequence of the respective weighted discrete analogue inequality which proof is presented in this paper. As an application we find the exact best possible range of

p > q

such that any non-increasing

f

which satisfies a reverse H"{o}lder inequality with exponent

q

and constant

c

upon the subintervals of

[0, 1]

, should additionally satisfy a reverse H"{o}lder inequality with exponent

p

and a different in general constant

c^{'}

. The result has been treated in cite{1} but here we give an alternative proof based on the above mentioned inequality.

Review text

The following Hardy-type inequality is obtained: Theorem. Let \((a_n)_n\) be a sequence of non-negative real numbers. We define for every sequence \((\lambda_n)_n\) of positive numbers the following quantities \(A_n=\lambda_1a_1+\dots +\lambda_na_n\) and \(\Lambda_n=\lambda_1 + \dots +\lambda_n\). Then the following inequality is true: \[ \sum_{n=1}^N \lambda_n \left( \frac{A_n}{\Lambda_n} \right)^p \leq \frac{p}{p-1} \sum_{n=1}^N \lambda_n a_n \left( \frac{A_n}{\Lambda_n} \right)^{p-1} -\frac{1}{p-1} \Lambda_n \left(\frac{A_N}{\Lambda_N}\right)^p, \] for any \(N\in \mathbb{N}\). As a consequence of the above-mentioned theorem, we have the following result. Corollary. Let \(g:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+\) be integrable function, \(p>1\) and additionally assume that \(\int_0^1g=f\). Then the following inequality is true \[ \int_0^1 \left( \frac 1t \int_0^t g \right)^p dt \leq \frac{p}{p-1} \int_0^1 \left(\frac 1t \int_0^t g\right)^{p-1}g(t)dt -\frac{1}{p-1}f^p. \] Also, the following general result is obtained. Theorem. Let \(g:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+\) be an integrable function, \(p>1\) and additionally assume that \(\int_0^1g=f\). Then, the following inequality is true, for any \(q\) such that \(1\leq q\leq p\) \[ \int_0^1 \left( \frac 1t \int_0^t g \right)^p dt \leq \left(\frac{p}{p-1}\right)^q \int_0^1 \left(\frac 1t \int_0^t g\right)^{p-q}g^q(t)dt -\frac{q}{p-1}f^p. \] Moreover, the inequality is sharp in the sense that, the constant \((p/(p-1))^q\) cannot be decreased, while the constant \(q/(p-1)\) cannot be increased for any fixed \(f\). As an application, the author obtained the exact best possible range of \(p>q\) such that any non-increasing \(g\) which satisfies a reverse Hölder inequality with exponent \(q\) and constant \(c\) upon the subintervals of \((0,1]\) should additionally satisfy a reverse Hölder inequality with exponent \(p\) and in general different constant \(c'\). Namely, the following result is given. Theorem. Let \(g:(0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+\) be non-increasing satisfying a reverse Hölder inequality with exponent \(q>1\) and constant \(c \geq 1\) for all intervals of the form \((0,t]\), i.e., \[ \frac 1t \int_0^t g^q \leq c\cdot \left( \frac 1t \int_0^t g\right)^q \] holds for any \(t\in (0,1]\). Then, for every \(p\in [q,p_0)\) the inequality \[ \frac 1t \int_0^t g^p \leq c'\cdot \left( \frac 1t \int_0^t g\right)^p \] is true for any \(t\in (0,1]\), where \(c'=c'(p,q,c)\) and \(p_0>q\) is a root of the following equation \[ \frac{p_0-q}{p_0}\cdot \left( \frac{p_0}{p_0-1}\right)^q \cdot c=1. \] As a consequence \(g\in L^p\) for every \(p\in [q,p_0)\). Moreover, the result is sharp, i.e., the value of \(p_0\) cannot be decreased. The above-mentioned result about the reverse Hölder inequalities are already known, see [\textit{L. D'Apuzzo} and \textit{C. Sbordone}, Rend. Mat. Appl., VII. Ser. 10, No. 2, 357--366 (1990; Zbl 0711.42027)], but here an alternative proof is given based on the obtained Hardy-type inequalities.

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