Isomorphic quartic K3 surfaces in the view of Cremona and projective transformations

Birational automorphisms, Cremona group and generalizations (14E07) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Automorphisms of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties (14J50)

Abstract: We show that there is a pair of smooth complex quartic K3 surfaces

S_{1}

and

S_{2}

in

{m a t h b f P}^{3}

such that

S_{1}

and

S_{2}

are isomorphic as abstract varieties but not Cremona isomorphic. We also show, in a geometrically explicit way, that there is a pair of smooth complex quartic K3 surfaces

S_{1}

and

S_{2}

in

{m a t h b f P}^{3}

such that

S_{1}

and

S_{2}

are Cremona isomorphic, but not projectively isomorphic. This work is much motivated by several e-mails from Professors Tuyen Truong and J'anos Koll'ar.

Review text

The aim is to study gaps between (1) Cremona equivalence and isomorphism as abstract varieties and (2) Cremona isomorphism and projectively equivalence, for complex smooth quartic surfaces in the projective space. It is found in Theorem 1.4 that there exists a pair \((S_1,\, S_2)\) of \(K3\) surfaces that is isomorphic as abstract varieties, but not Cremona equivalent, which is shown by an indirect proof. Explicitely, let \(S\) be a \(K3\) surfacae with Néron-Severi lattice being \(\langle h_1,\, h_2\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}\) with \((h_i^2)_S = 4\) for \(i=1,2\), and \((h_1.h_2)_S=4l\), where \(l\geq 5\), and then \(S_i:=\Phi_{|h_i|}(S)\) for \(i=1,2\) would do. They also construct a pair \((S_1,\, S_2)\) of \(K3\) surfaces in Theorem 1.5, which are Cremona isomorphic but not projective equivalent. In fact, that a surface \(S\) is a \(K3\) surface with the Néron-Severi lattice \(\langle h_1,\, h_2\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}\) with \((h_i^2)_S=4\) for \(i=1,2\), and \((h_1.h_2)_S=6\) is equivalent to that the surface \(S\) is the intersection of four hypersurfaces of type \((1,1)\) in \(\mathbb{P}^3\times\mathbb{P}^3\). And the pair \((S_1,\, S_2)\) with \(S_i:=\Phi_{|h_i|}\) for \(i=1,2\) satisfies the desired condition. The key observations are firstly, that the surfaces \(S_1\) and \(S_2\) are determinantal surfaces in the sense of Beauville, secondly to study how automorphisms of \(S\) act on hyperplane sections \(H_1\) and \(H_2\), and on \(S_1\) and \(S_2\), and lastly, to study how automorphisms of \(S\) act on the nowhere-vanishing holomorphic form \(\sigma_S\) of \(S\). In Appendix, they give a proof for Proposition 1.7 : the existence of certain curves on smooth quartic surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^3\) when it possesses \(\phi\in\text{Bir}(\mathbb{P}^3)\backslash\text{Aut}(\mathbb{P}^3)\).

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