Jacobian-squared function-germs

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Abstract: In this paper, it is shown that, for any equidimensional Cinfty map-germ f:(mathbbRn,0)o(mathbbRn,0), the map-germ F:(mathbbRn,0)omathbbRnimesmathbbRell defined by F(x)=left(f(x),mu1(x)|Jf|2(x),cdots,muell(x)|Jf|2(x)ight) is always a frontal; where mui is a Cinfty function-germ and |Jf| is the Jacobian-determinant of f. Moreover, it is also shown that when the multiplicity of f is less than or equal to 3, any frontal constructed from f must be mathcalA-equivalent to a frontal F of the above form.


Let $f: (\mathbb R^n, 0) \rightarrow (\mathbb R^n, 0)$ be a $C^\infty$ map-germ and let $\delta(f)$ denote the Jacobian determinant of $f$. The author calls the square of this determinant the Jacobian-squared function-germ of $f$. His aim is to show that $\delta^2(f)$ plays an important role in the construction of non-trivial frontals associated with a given equidimensional map-germ $f$. For example, it is easy to prove that for any sequence $g_i: (\mathbb R^n, 0) \rightarrow (\mathbb R, 0)$, $0\leqslant i\leqslant k$, the map-germ $F: (\mathbb R^n, 0) \rightarrow (\mathbb R^{n+k}, 0)$, defined by the rule $F=(f,\delta^2(f)g_1,\dots, \delta^2(f)g_k)$, is always a frontal. Moreover, the author shows that if the multiplicity of $f$ is less than or equal to 3, any frontal associated with $f$ is $\mathcal A$-equivalent to $F$ of the above form. In case $n=2$ his results are illustrated by a series of examples from the lists in [\textit{J. H. Rieger}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 36, No. 1--2, 351--369 (1987; Zbl 0639.58007)], involving fold singularities, cuspidal edges and crosscaps, swallowtails, and so on.











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