This is a lecture note on singularity theory. It is shown how to associate to a triple of positive integers \((p_1,p_2,p_3)\) a two-dimensional isolated graded singularity by an elementary procedure that works over any field \(k\) (with no assumptions on characteristic, algebraic closedness or cardinality). This assignment starts from the triangle singularity \(x_1^{p_1} + x_2^{p_2} + x_3^{p_3}\) and when applied to the Platonic (or Dynkin) triples, it produces the famous list of A-D-E-singularities. As another particular case, the procedure yields Arnold's famous strange duality list consisting of the 14 exceptional unimodular singularities (and an infinite sequence of further singularities not treated here in detail). It is shown that weighted projective lines and various triangulated categories attached to them play a key role in the study of the triangle and associated singularities.
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- The single ring theorem
- Extremal rings in Riemann surfaces
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- Singularities of analytic functions in a differential ring
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- SV-rings and SV-porings
- Equivariant approach to weighted projective curves
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- Matrix factorizations for domestic triangle singularities
- Face rings of simplicial complexes with singularities
- Geometric model for weighted projective lines of type (p,q)
- Geometric model for vector bundles via infinite marked strips
- Ring domains with separating circles or separating annuli
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