U(1)-invariant special Lagrangian 3-folds. I: Nonsingular solutions

Abstract: This is the first of three papers math.DG/0111326, math.DG/0204343 studying special Lagrangian 3-submanifolds (SL 3-folds) N in C^3 invariant under the U(1)-action (z_1,z_2,z_3) --> (gz_1,g^{-1}z_2,z_3) for unit complex numbers g, using analytic methods. The three papers are surveyed in math.DG/0206016. Let N be such a U(1)-invariant SL 3-fold. Then |z_1|^2-|z_2|^2=2a on N for some real number a. Locally, N can be written as a kind of graph of functions u,v : R^2 --> R satisfying a nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann equation depending on a, so that u+iv is like a holomorphic function of x+iy. When a is nonzero, u,v are always smooth and N is always nonsingular. But if a=0, there may be points (x,0) where u,v are not differentiable, which correspond to singular points of N. This paper focusses on the nonsingular case, when a is nonzero. We prove analogues for our nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann equation of well-known results in complex analysis. In particular, we prove existence and uniqueness for solutions of two Dirichlet problems derived from it. This yields existence and uniqueness of a large class of nonsingular U(1)-invariant SL 3-folds in C^3, with two kinds of boundary conditions. In the sequels we extend these results to the singular case a=0. The next paper math.DG/0111326 proves existence and uniqueness of continuous weak solutions to the two Dirichlet problems when a=0. This gives existence and uniqueness of a large class of singular U(1)-invariant SL 3-folds in C^3, with boundary conditions. The final paper math.DG/0204343 studies the nature of the singularities that arise, and constructs U(1)-invariant special Lagrangian fibrations of open sets in C^3.

Review text

This is the first of three papers of the author studying \textit{special Lagrangian 3-submanifolds} (SL 3-folds) \(N\) in \({\mathbb C}^3\) invariant under the U(1)-action \(e^{i\theta}:(z_1,z_2,z_3)\longrightarrow (e^{i\theta}z_1, e^{-i\theta}z_2, z_3)\), using analytic methods. Let \(N\) be a U(1)-invariant SL 3-fold. Then \({| z_1|}^2- {| z_2|}^2=2a\) on \(N\) for some \(a\in {\mathbb R}\). Locally, \(N\) can be written as a kind of graph of functions \(u, v:{\mathbb R}^2\to {\mathbb R}\) satisfying a \textit{nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann equation} depending on \(a\), so that \(u+iv \) is like a holomorphic function of \(x+iy\). When \(a\) is nonzero, \(u, v\) are always smooth and \(N\) is nonsingular. But if \(a=0\), there may be points \((x,0)\) where \(u, v\) are not differentiable, which correspond to singular points of \(N\). The present paper focusses on the nonsingular case, when \(a\) is nonzero. In this case, the author proves analogues for the obtained nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann equation of well-known results in complex analysis. In particular, he proves existence and uniqueness for solutions of two Diriclet problems derived from it. This yields existence and uniqueness of a large class of nonsingular U(1)-invariant SL 3-folds in \({\mathbb C}^3\), with two kinds of boundary conditions.

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