Koszul cycles and Golod rings

. The result is used to determine classes of Golod ideals, among them proper ordinary powers and proper symbolic powers of monomial ideals. Our theory is also applied to stretched local rings.

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Let \(S\) be a power series ring or a polynomial ring over a field \(K\), in the variables \(x_1,\ldots,x_n.\) Let \(I\) be a proper \(S\)-ideal, which is assumed to be graded if \(S\) is a polynomial ring. Consider the formal power series associated to a finitely generated \(R=S/I\)-module \(M\), \[ P_M^R(t) = \sum_{i \geq 0} \dim_K \text{Tor}_i^R(M,K) t^i. \] It is called the Poincaré series of \(M.\) The ring \(R\) (or \(I\) itself) is said to be Golod if equality holds in the following coefficientwise inequality \[ P_K^R(t) \leq \frac{(1+t)^n}{1-t(P_R^S(t)-1)}. \] ``In Section 1 of this note we give a canonical and explicit description of the cycles of the Koszul complex whose homology classes generate the Koszul homology of \(R\) with respect to \(x_1,\ldots,x_n\), see Theorem 1.3. The description is given in terms of the data of the free \(S\)-resolution of \(R\), and allows us to identify interesting classes of Golod ideals. The authors give a description of the Koszul cycles which is independent of the characteristic of the base field, and only depends on the given order of the variables. They use Golod criterion (see Proposition 1.3 in [\textit{R. A. Maleki}, ``Golod property of powers of ideals and of ideals with linear resolutions, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1510.04435}]) to prove Golodness for certain classes of ideals and rings. In particular, it is shown that \(\text{Tor}^S_i (K, S/I ) \rightarrow \text{Tor}^S_i (K, S/d(I))\) is the zero map for all \(i \geq 1\), where \(d(I)\) is the ideal generated by the elements \(d^i(f_j)\), for \(i = 1, \ldots,n\) and \(f_1, \ldots,f_m\) a system of generators of \(I\). The operator \(d^i\) is defined by \[ d^i(f) = \frac{f(0,\ldots,0,x_i,\ldots,x_n) f(0,\ldots,0,x_{i+1},\ldots,x_n)}{x_i} \] for \(f \in (x_1,\ldots,x_n) \subset S.\) In combination with the above Golod criterion, the authors prove that if \(d(I)^2 \subset I\), then \(I\) is a Golod ideal. If this is the case, we say that \(I\) is \(d\)-Golod. ``As one of the main applications of this approach, we obtain that for a monomial ideal \(I\), all proper ordinary powers, saturated powers or symbolic powers of \(I\) are Golod. The same holds true for the integral closures \(\overline{I^k}\) of the powers \(I^k\) for \(k \geq 2\), see Theorem 3.1 and Proposition 3.2. A new class of non-monomial Golod ideals in the formal power series ring is also detected in the paper. Proposition 3.4. Let \(J_i \subset Kx_i,\ldots,x_n\) be an ideal for \(i = 1,\ldots,n\), and \(J \subset S = K[|x_1,\ldots,x_n|]\) be the ideal generated by \(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i J_i.\) Then \(J^k\) is \(d\)-Golod, for all \(k \geq 2.\) ``As a last application of the techniques presented in this paper, we have a result of more general nature. In Theorem 3.5 it is shown that if \(R\) is a stretched local ring or a standard graded stretched \(K\)-algebra, then \(R\) is Golod, if one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) \(R\) is standard graded, (ii) \(R\) is not Artinian, (iii) \(R\) is Artinian and the socle dimension of \(R\) coincides with its embedding dimension.

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