The black hole information problem beyond quantum theory
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Abstract: The origin of black hole entropy and the black hole information problem provide important clues for trying to piece together a quantum theory of gravity. Thus far, discussions on this topic have mostly assumed that in a consistent theory of gravity and quantum mechanics, quantum theory will be unmodified. Here, we examine the black hole information problem in the context of generalisations of quantum theory. In particular, we examine black holes in the setting of generalised probabilistic theories, in which quantum theory and classical probability theory are special cases. We compute the time it takes information to escape a black hole, assuming that information is preserved. We find that under some very general assumptions, the arguments of Page (that information should escape the black hole after half the Hawking photons have been emitted), and the black-hole mirror result of Hayden and Preskill (that information can escape quickly) need to be modified. The modification is determined entirely by what we call the Wootters-Hardy parameter associated with a theory. We find that although the information leaves the black hole after enough photons have been emitted, it is fairly generic that it fails to appear outside the black hole at this point -- something impossible in quantum theory due to the no-hiding theorem. The information is neither inside the black hole, nor outside it, but is delocalised. Our central technical result is an information decoupling theorem which holds in the generalised probabilistic framework.
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Cited in
(16)- Thermodynamics and the structure of quantum theory
- How not to extract information from black holes: cosmic censorship as a guiding principle
- Black holes and optimum coding
- Higher-order interference and single-system postulates characterizing quantum theory
- The capacity of black holes to transmit quantum information
- How information crosses Schwarzschild’s central singularity
- Operational axioms for diagonalizing states
- Entanglement and thermodynamics in general probabilistic theories
- The Planckian conspiracy: String theory and the black hole information paradox
- Black hole complementarity from microstate models: a study of information replication and the encoding in the black hole Interior
- Hiding information in theories beyond quantum mechanics, and it's application to the black hole information problem
- BLACK HOLES, INFORMATION, AND LOCALITY
- Entropy, majorization and thermodynamics in general probabilistic theories
- Information theoretic characterization of physical theories with projective state space
- Matrix models for the black hole information paradox
- A ‘black hole theorem,’ and its implications
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