In constructing perceptual models it is necessary to distinguish between competence and performance. Competence theory describes perceptual models in the absence of noise, whereas performance models take account of noise. Thus a competence model would be able to distinguish a rotation that is too small for a performance based model to detect. In this sense a performance based model will consider ``fewer interpretations for a class of data than would a competence based model. This paper extends the formalization of an observer (a competence based model) to a performance observer as an instantiation of an observer subject to noise.
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