Radicals of H-module algebras
Let \(k\) be a fundamental field. An associative \(k\)-algebra \(H\), with identity element 1, is said to be a Hopf algebra if on it there are defined algebra homomorphisms \(\Delta: H\to H\otimes H\), \(\varepsilon: H\to k\), and a mapping \(s: H\to H\), satisfying the following conditions: \[ \text{if }\Delta h= \sum_{(h)} h_{(1)}\otimes h_{(2)}\text{ then}\quad\sum_{(h)}\Delta h_{(1)}\otimes h_{(2)}= \sum_{(h)}h_{(1)}\otimes\Delta h_{(2)}, \] \[ \sum_{(h)} \varepsilon(h_{(1)})h_{(2)}= \sum_{(h)}h_{(1)}\cdot \varepsilon(h_{(2)})=h,\quad \sum_{(h)}s(h_{(1)})h_{(2)}= \sum_{(h)}h_{(1)}s(h_{(2)})= \varepsilon(.)\cdot 1. \] An associative algebra \(A\) is said to be an \(H\)-module algebra if \(A\) is a unital right \(H\)-module (where the action of \(H\) on \(A\) is written in the form \(a^ h\)) and we have the equality \((ab)^ h=\sum_{(h)} a^{h_{(1)}} b^{h_{(2)}}\) for all \(a,b\in A\), \(h\in H\). If \(A\) has an identity, then one imposes additionally the condition \(1^ h=\varepsilon(h)\cdot 1\) for all \(h\in H\). The author studies the theory of classical \(H\)-radicals of associative algebras. The Anderson-Divinsky-Sulinski Theorem (ADS-Theorem) states that if \(A\) is an associative algebra, \(B\vartriangleleft A\), and \(\rho\) is an arbitrary radical, then \(\rho(B)\vartriangleleft A\). Those \(H\)- radicals for which the ADS-Theorem holds will be called ADS-radicals. It is known that each hypernilpotent \(H\)-radical is an ADS-radical. The author shows that if \(H\) is a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra, different from the fundamental field \(k\), then the ADS-Theorem does not hold for \(H\)-radicals. The author then shows that the theory of nil-\(H\)- radicals is basically similar to the classical one, while the Jacobson radical generates an entire spectrum of different \(H\)-radicals. In the final section of the paper, the author defines and studies strongly \(H\)- semisimple algebras.
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