Comparison of the norms of homogeneous polynomials in several variables
On munit le sous-espace vectoriel de \(\mathbb{C}[X_1,\dots,X_N]\) formé des polynômes homogènes de degré \(m\), de la norme de Bombieri: \([P]= (\sum|c_{i_1,\dots,i_m} |^2)^{1/2}\) si \(P=\sum c_{i_1,\dots,i_m} X_{i_1}\dots X_{i_m}\), les \(\sum\) portant sur tous les \(m\)-uples \((i_1,\dots, i_m)\in \{1,\dots, N\}^m\); on montre que, parmi les constantes \(C\), ne dépendant que de \(m\), telles que \[ [P^2]^2\geq C[P]^4 \quad\forall P, \tag{1} \] la meilleure est \[ C=2(m!)^2/ (2m)!, \] mais que l'inégalité (1) correspondante est toujours stricte, ce qui conduit à la recherche de constantes dépendant aussi de \(N\): c'est le cas du produit \(C_{m,N}\) de la constante \(C\) ci-dessus par le facteur \(\sum^p_{k=0} {m\choose k}^2/{{N+k-1}\choose k}\) si \(m=2p+1\), \(\sum^{p-1}_{k=0} {m\choose k}^2/ {{N+k-1}\choose {k}}+ \frac{1}{2} {m\choose p}^2/ {{N+p-1}\choose p}\) si \(m=2p\), facteur décroissant vers 1 quand \(N\) croît indéfiniment. On caractérise les polynômes pour lesquels (1) avec \(C=C_{m,N}\) devient une égalité, et l'on donne des exemples simples. D'autre part, pour la norme de \(L^2(\sigma)\) (\(\sigma\) mesure de probabilité, invariante par rotation, sur la sphère euclidienne de centre 0, rayon 1), on améliore l'inégalité de Hölder \(|P^2|^2\geq|P|^4\) en multipliant le \(2^2\) membre par \(C_{m,N} {{m+N- 1}\choose m}^2/{{2m+N-1}\choose {2m}}\).
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