Kernel operators in L^ p-spaces associated with semifinite von Neumann algebras
Let (\({\mathcal M},\mu)\) and (\({\mathcal N},\nu)\) be von Neumann algebras with a semifinite normal faithful trace and let \(L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\) and \(L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu)\) be the corresponding tracial \(L^ p\)-spaces. We generalize the theory of kernel operators on function spaces to linear maps \(T: L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\to L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu).\) In this case a kernel operator is defined via imbeddings \(I_ p: {\mathcal M}\to L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\) and \(I_{q'}: {\mathcal N}\to L^{q'}({\mathcal N},\mu)\) \((1/q+1/q'=1)\) which are given by density operators. The linear map T: \(L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\to L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu)\) is a kernel operator if there exists \(k\in L^ 1({\mathcal M}{\bar \otimes}{\mathcal N}^{{\mathfrak op}},\quad \mu \otimes \nu)\) (\({\mathcal N}^{{\mathfrak op}}\) denotes the opposite algebra) such that \(<TI_ p(x),I_{q'}(y)>=\mu \otimes \nu (k(x\otimes y^{{\mathfrak o}}))\) for all \(x\in {\mathcal M}\) and all \(y\in {\mathcal N}\). With this definition we can prove the following theorems: The kernel k of a kernel operator \(T: L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\to L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu)\) is positive if and only if all the maps \(T_ n: L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\otimes M_ n\to L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu)\otimes M_ n,\) \([f_{ij}[\mapsto [Tf_{ij}]\) are positive. Any completely positive linear map T is the unique sum of a kernel operator and a map which dominates no other kernel operator. If \({\mathcal N}\) is semidiscrete and T: \(L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu)\to L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu)\) is a completely positive linear map then T is a kernel operator if and only if T is \(\sigma (L^ p({\mathcal M},\mu),L^{p'}({\mathcal M},\mu)-\sigma (L^ q({\mathcal N},\nu),L^{q'}({\mathcal N},\nu))-\)continuous and the maps \((TI_ p)_ n\) can be locally almost uniformly approximated by the matrices over a finite dimensional subspace \({\mathcal Y}\subseteq {\mathcal N}\).
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